StrongerBible

boqer

בֹּקֶר

HebrewH1242morning, dawn

Appears 214 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 1:5Gen 1:8Gen 1:13Gen 1:19Gen 1:23Gen 1:31Gen 19:27Gen 20:8Gen 21:14Gen 22:3Gen 24:54Gen 26:31Job 7:18Psa 73:14Psa 101:8Isa 33:2Lam 3:23
Root family
Word studyBOH-kernoun

What boqer means

morning: the early part of the day, from first light through the hours just after sunrise.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for morning, and it stays one word throughout the Bible. It covers the whole front edge of the day: the first light of dawn, sunrise itself, and the early hours that follow, with no fixed clock boundary. When a story says something happened "in the morning," this is almost always the word behind it.

Morning is the time when things begin and when things become clear. People rise early in the morning to set out, to worship, to bury the dead, or to act on a decision made the night before, and Bible writers lean on that rhythm constantly. Because daylight reveals what darkness hid, morning also carries a quiet sense of relief and fresh sight: trouble that loomed in the night looks different once the sun is up.

The word is half of two familiar pairings. With "evening" it frames a full day ("there was evening and there was morning"), and the two together can simply mean "all the time, around the clock." Repeated or in its rare plural it gives the idea of "morning after morning," that is, every single day without fail, which is how the Bible speaks of mercies and duties that never run out.

Gen 1:5Gen 1:8Gen 1:13Gen 1:19Gen 1:23Gen 1:31Gen 19:27Gen 20:8Gen 21:14Gen 22:3Gen 24:54Gen 26:31

What scholars say about boqer

The standard lexicons (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat this as a single noun meaning "morning," the early part of the day, with no genuine homonym; it is regularly derived from the root for "to break forth" or "split," picturing the light breaking through. BDB and HALOT note its frequent use in fixed expressions: paired with "evening" to mark a complete day or to mean "continually," and the distributive "morning by morning" (so the rare plural and reduplicated forms in Job 7:18; Psalm 73:14; Isaiah 33:2; Lamentations 3:23) meaning every day without fail. Studies of Israelite timekeeping (so de Vaux, Ancient Israel) stress that "morning" was reckoned by natural light rather than fixed hours, which is why it shades into dawn at one edge and into the working day at the other; the more precise term for first dawn-light is a separate word.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. בקרlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. בקרlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. בקרlexicon
  • C. Barth, "בקר," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) 2:217-228dictionary
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions (1961)monograph

All attested forms of בֹּקֶר

m s absolute

בֹּקֶר

Gen 1:5, Gen 1:8, Gen 1:13, Gen 1:19, Gen 1:23, Gen 1:31, Gen 19:27, Gen 20:8

m p absolute

בְּקָרִים

Job 7:18, Psa 73:14, Psa 101:8, Isa 33:2, Lam 3:23