StrongerBible

bakhah

בָּכָה

HebrewH1058weep, cry, ...

Appears 114 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 21:16Gen 23:2Gen 27:38Gen 29:11Gen 33:4Gen 37:35Gen 42:24Gen 43:30 (2×)Gen 45:14 (2×)Gen 45:15Gen 46:29Gen 50:1Gen 50:3Gen 50:17Exo 2:6Lev 10:6Num 11:4Num 11:10Num 11:13Num 11:18Num 11:20Num 14:1Num 20:29Num 25:6Deu 1:45Deu 21:13Deu 34:8Jdg 2:4Jdg 11:37Jdg 11:38Jdg 14:16Jdg 14:17Jdg 20:23Jdg 20:26Jdg 21:2Rut 1:9Rut 1:141Sa 1:71Sa 1:81Sa 1:10 (2×)1Sa 11:41Sa 11:51Sa 20:411Sa 24:16(17)1Sa 30:42Sa 1:242Sa 3:162Sa 3:322Sa 3:342Sa 12:21
Root family
Word studybah-KHAHverb

What bakhah means

to weep: to shed tears aloud, the body's open response to grief, pain, longing, or relief.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for weeping, and it is one thing across all its uses. It does not name a private welling-up of the eyes so much as visible, audible crying, the kind that others hear and answer. The same word covers the tears of a mourner at a grave, a barren woman pouring out her ache, a defeated army, two estranged brothers falling on each other's necks, and a whole nation crying out before God. The English reader meets it as weep, cry, mourn, or bewail, but underneath it is a single act, colored by the moment it happens in.

What changes from place to place is the occasion, not the meaning. Most often the tears are grief, especially over the dead, where weeping runs alongside the formal customs of mourning. But the very same crying breaks out in distress and pleading, often turned Godward, and just as readily in joy and reunion, when people weep because they have found each other again. The word follows the feeling rather than fixing it.

Because it is so plain and so frequent, weeping in the Hebrew Bible is rarely hidden. People weep with their voice lifted up, they weep before others and before the LORD, and the tears become a kind of speech in their own right, a way of saying what words cannot carry. That is why the prophets can summon a whole community to it and why a single person's tears, like Hezekiah's or Hannah's, can be presented as something God sees and hears.

Nuances

1ato weep in grief, above all in mourning for someone who has died.
Gen 23:2Gen 37:35Gen 50:1Gen 50:3Num 20:29Deu 34:82Sa 1:122Sa 1:242Sa 3:322Sa 3:342Sa 13:362Sa 18:33
1bto weep in distress or pleading, pouring out trouble and often crying before the LORD.
Num 11:4Num 11:10Num 11:13Num 11:18Num 11:20Num 14:1Jdg 2:4Jdg 20:23Jdg 20:26Jdg 21:21Sa 1:71Sa 1:8
1cto weep at reunion or reconciliation, where the tears come from relief and overwhelming feeling rather than grief.
Gen 29:11Gen 33:4Gen 42:24Gen 43:30 (2×)Gen 45:14 (2×)Gen 45:15Gen 46:29Gen 50:17Rut 1:9Rut 1:141Sa 24:16(17)

What scholars say about bakhah

The standard lexicons (BDB, HALOT, DCH) and the theological dictionaries (TDOT, NIDOTTE) treat this as a single verb meaning "to weep," the most common Hebrew word for shedding tears, with a small derived sense of weeping over or bewailing someone when an object follows. They do not split it into separate meanings; the variation across grief, supplication, and joy is understood as the range of one act, shaped by context. The lexica note that weeping is characteristically vocal and public in Hebrew (often "to lift up the voice and weep"), and that it regularly accompanies but is distinct from the formal mourning rites named by other verbs (so the entries in TDOT and NIDOTTE on weeping and mourning vocabulary). A handful of occurrences use a factitive form to mean "to bewail" or "weep for" another, which BDB and HALOT list as a nuance rather than a distinct word.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. בכהlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. בכהlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. בכהlexicon
  • F. Stolz, "בכה," in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament (TLOT) 1:247-249dictionary
  • Heinz-Josef Fabry et al., "בכה," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) 2:116-120dictionary
  • Hermann J. Austel, "בכה," in Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT) 1:108dictionary

All attested forms of בָּכָה

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּבְכּוּ

Gen 33:4, Gen 50:3, Num 11:4, Num 14:1, Num 20:29, Deu 34:8, Jdg 2:4, Jdg 20:23

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיֵּבְךְּ

Gen 27:38, Gen 29:11, Gen 37:35, Gen 42:24, Gen 43:30, Gen 45:14, Gen 45:15, Gen 46:29

qal infinitive-absolute absolute

בָּכוֹ, בָכֹה

Isa 30:19, Jer 22:10, Jer 50:4, Lam 1:2, Mic 1:10, 1Sa 1:10, 2Sa 3:16, 2Sa 15:30

qal participle m s absolute

בֹּכֶה, וּבוֹכֶה

Exo 2:6, Num 11:10, 2Sa 19:1, 2Ki 8:12, Ezr 10:1, Jer 41:6, 2Sa 15:30

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתֵּבְךְּ, וַתִּבְכֶּה

Gen 21:16, Jdg 11:38, Jdg 14:16, Jdg 14:17, Est 8:3, 1Sa 1:7

qal imperfect 3mp

יִבְכּוּ, יִבְכָּיוּ

Lev 10:6, Num 11:13, 1Sa 11:5, Jol 2:17, Job 31:38, Isa 33:7

qal infinitive-construct construct

בְכּוֹת, בְכֹּתָ

Gen 43:30, 1Sa 30:4, 2Sa 3:34, Ecc 3:4, Gen 23:2

qal participle m p absolute

בֹּכִים, בּוֹכִים

Num 25:6, Ezr 3:12, Job 30:31, 2Sa 15:23, Neh 8:9

qal consecutive-imperfect 1cs

וָאֶבְכֶּה

2Sa 12:22, Neh 1:4, Psa 69:10

qal consecutive-imperfect 2ms

וַתֵּבְךְּ, וַתִּבְכֶּה

2Sa 12:21, 2Ch 34:27, 2Ki 22:19

qal imperfect 1cs

אֶבְכֶּה

Isa 16:9, Jer 48:32, Zec 7:3

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּבְכֶּה

1Sa 1:10, Jer 13:17, Lam 1:2

qal jussive 2mp

תִּבְכּוּ

Neh 8:9, Jer 22:10, Mic 1:10

qal conjunctive-imperfect 1cs

וְאֶבְכֶּה

Jdg 11:37, Jer 9:1

qal consecutive-imperfect 2mp

וַתִּבְכּוּ

Num 11:20, Deu 1:45

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fp

וַתִּבְכֶּינָה

Rut 1:9, Rut 1:14

qal imperative 2mp

בְּכוּ

Jer 22:10, Jol 1:5

qal imperfect 2ms

תִבְכֶּה

Isa 30:19, Ezk 24:16

qal imperfect 3fp

תִבְכֶּינָה

Job 27:15, Psa 78:64

qal perfect 3cp

בָּכוּ

2Sa 13:36, Ezr 10:1

qal perfect 3ms

בָּכָה

Gen 45:14, Hos 12:4

piel participle f p absolute

מְבַכּוֹת

Ezk 8:14

piel participle f s absolute

מְבַכָּה

Jer 31:15

qal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וּבָכוּ

Ezk 27:31

qal consecutive-perfect 3fs

וּבָכְתָה

Deu 21:13

qal imperative 2fp

בְּכֶינָה

2Sa 1:24

qal imperfect 2fs

תִבְכִּי

1Sa 1:8

qal imperfect 2mp

תִבְכּוּ

Ezk 24:23

qal participle f s absolute

בוֹכִיָּה

Lam 1:16

qal perfect 1cp

בָּכִינוּ

Psa 137:1

qal perfect 1cs

בָכִיתִי

Job 30:25

qal perfect 2mp

בְּכִיתֶם

Num 11:18