StrongerBible

bus

בּוּס

HebrewH0947trample, tread down, ...

Appears 12 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 44:5(6)Psa 60:12(14)Psa 108:13(14)Pro 27:7Isa 14:19Isa 14:25Isa 63:6Isa 63:18Jer 12:10Ezk 16:6Ezk 16:22Zec 10:5
Root family
Word studyboosverb

What bus means

1

to trample down: to tread an enemy, a place, or a thing into the ground, crushing it in triumph or contempt

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The picture underneath this verb is simple: a foot coming down hard enough to press what is beneath it into the ground. Almost every use belongs to war or to judgment, so the foot is never casual. It marks the difference between the one left standing and the one flattened.

The verb turns up in three settings that share that one picture:

  • soldiers treading a beaten enemy into the mud of the street
  • invaders tramping through a sanctuary or a vineyard that was never theirs to walk on
  • a well fed person putting a foot on honey as though it were dirt

The Psalms use it as a boast, and the boast is careful about who does the work: God is the one who tramples the enemy, while his people go out with him. Isaiah and Jeremiah then turn the word around, first against Israel, where foreign armies trample the sanctuary and the land, and finally against the nations, when God himself treads them down in anger. The closest Hebrew synonym is רָמַס, also "to trample, stamp", which covers much of the same ground but reaches further into ordinary labor such as treading clay; this verb stays in the world of conquest and contempt.

One use leaves the battlefield entirely. In Proverbs a person who has eaten his fill "tramples" honeycomb, which is a way of saying he has no interest in it at all. English has no single word for that gesture, and the nearest Hebrew word for despising, בּוּז, carries the attitude without the foot.

Nuances

1ato trample enemies underfoot: to beat down and subdue an opposing force completely
Psa 44:5(6)Psa 60:12(14)Psa 108:13(14)Isa 14:25Isa 63:6Zec 10:5
1bto trample a place that should have been left alone: to overrun and ruin what belonged to someone else
Isa 63:18Jer 12:10
1cto be trodden into the ground: to be left lying under passing feet like refuse
Isa 14:19
1dto spurn something good: to treat what others prize as worthless
TranslatabilityPartial
Pro 27:7
2

to lie thrashing in one's own blood: of a newborn left to die, to sprawl and kick in the blood of birth

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

Ezekiel tells Israel's story as the story of a baby girl thrown out on the day she was born: her cord uncut, unwashed, abandoned in the open field. Twice he describes her with a shape of this verb that appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible, picturing her sprawled and kicking in the blood still on her.

It is the same verb used elsewhere for treading an enemy into the dirt, and that is the force of the image: the child is in the condition of something trodden down, and nobody stops. God's one word over her, "live", answers exactly that condition. English versions reach for "wallowing", "weltering", "polluted", or a plain "as you lay there", and none of them carries both the helpless motion and the echo of trampling.

Ezk 16:6Ezk 16:22

What scholars say about bus

BDB, HALOT and DCH all treat בוס as a single root, "to tread down, trample," and sort its twelve occurrences by stem: qal (Ps 44:5; 60:12; 108:13; Isa 14:25; 63:6; Prov 27:7; Zech 10:5), a doubled (poel/pilel) form in Isa 63:18 and Jer 12:10, the hophal participle מוּבָס in Isa 14:19, and the hithpolel מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת in Ezek 16:6, 22, glossed "weltering" (BDB) or "to writhe about" (HALOT). The cognate noun מְבוּסָה, "a trampling, downtreading" (Isa 18:2, 7; 22:5), belongs to the same root. The lexica place Prov 27:7 under the qal with a developed sense "to disdain, spurn," the foot serving as a figure for rejection; Waltke reads the sated נֶפֶשׁ as treating a delicacy the way one treats refuse underfoot. On Ezek 16:6 Greenberg takes the hithpolel of the exposed infant's own movement in the blood of birth, part of the exposure imagery of vv. 4-6, while others render it more passively as left trodden or simply lying in the blood. Isaiah 63:1-6 sets the verb beside the winepress verb דרך in the treading-of-the-nations oracle, and Isa 63:18 with Jer 12:10 give it the profanation nuance (sanctuary, portion) that the prophets exploit. Semantically בוס overlaps רמס most closely, but רמס extends to workaday treading of clay and mortar and to animal hooves, whereas בוס concentrates in conquest, desecration and contempt.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. בוסlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. בוסlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. בוסlexicon
  • Moshe Greenberg, Ezekiel 1-20 (Anchor Bible 22), on 16:6commentary
  • Bruce K. Waltke, The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 15-31 (NICOT), on 27:7commentary

All attested forms of בּוּס

hithpael participle f s absolute

מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת

Ezk 16:6, Ezk 16:22

piel perfect 3cp

בּוֹסְסוּ, בֹּסְסוּ

Isa 63:18, Jer 12:10

qal imperfect 3ms

יָבוּס

Psa 60:12, Psa 108:13

hophal passive-participle m s absolute

מוּבָס

Isa 14:19

qal conjunctive-imperfect 1cs

וְאָבוּס

Isa 63:6

qal imperfect 1cp

נָבוּס

Psa 44:5

qal imperfect 1cs

אֲבוּסֶ

Isa 14:25

qal imperfect 3fs

תָּבוּס

Pro 27:7

qal participle m p absolute

בּוֹסִים

Zec 10:5