StrongerBible

armon

אַרְמוֹן

HebrewH0759palace, stronghold, ...

Appears 32 times · tap a cell to see the verses

1Ki 16:182Ki 15:252Ch 36:19Psa 48:3(4)Psa 48:13(14)Psa 122:7Pro 18:19Isa 23:13Isa 25:2Isa 32:14Isa 34:13Jer 6:5Jer 9:21(20)Jer 17:27Jer 30:18Jer 49:27Lam 2:5Lam 2:7Hos 8:14Amo 1:4Amo 1:7Amo 1:10Amo 1:12Amo 1:14Amo 2:2Amo 2:5Amo 3:9 (2×)Amo 3:10Amo 3:11Amo 6:8Mic 5:5(4)
Root family
Word studyar-MOHNnoun

What armon means

a fortified great house: the citadel or palace of a king or the powerful, at once a grand residence and a defensible stronghold

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This word names the largest and strongest building of an ancient town: the great house of a king or of the ruling families, built high and heavily to be both a residence and a fortress. It is not a neutral word for any home. It pictures the fortified heart of a city, the place where power lived and where a population made its last stand.

Because the building was both a luxury dwelling and a defensive stronghold, no single English word covers it. Translators rotate among palace, citadel, stronghold, fortress, and castle depending on which side of the picture a verse presses. In one passage it is where a king is killed in his own throne rooms, in another it is the high refuge that keeps a city safe.

The word lives mostly in the prophets, and above all in Amos, who repeats it like a drumbeat: fire will devour the fortified palaces of Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Judah, and Israel alike. There these buildings stand for arrogant, oppressive wealth and for the false security of the powerful. On the other side, the songs of Zion point to Jerusalem's citadels as a genuine refuge, because God himself is the strength inside them.

1Ki 16:182Ki 15:252Ch 36:19Psa 48:3(4)Psa 48:13(14)Psa 122:7Pro 18:19Isa 23:13Isa 25:2Isa 32:14Isa 34:13Jer 6:5

What scholars say about armon

The standard lexica agree on the referent: an אַרְמוֹן is a fortified dwelling-tower, castle, or citadel-palace (HALOT), the fortified acropolis or great house of a ruler (BDB, DCH). The etymology is uncertain and disputed (proposals connect it to a root meaning to be high or exposed, or treat it as a loanword), but this does not affect the agreed sense. The term is heavily concentrated in the prophets, and roughly a third of its occurrences fall in Amos, where the אַרְמְנוֹת of the nations are the recurring object of divine fire; Shalom Paul (Amos, Hermeneia) notes that these fortified palaces represent both the seat of oppressive royal power and the false security of the wealthy. TWOT and NIDOTTE treat the word as a single lexeme whose English equivalent shifts (palace, citadel, stronghold) with the contextual referent rather than reflecting distinct senses.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. אַרְמוֹןlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. אַרְמוֹןlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. אַרְמוֹןlexicon
  • TWOT, s.v. אַרְמוֹןtheological-dictionary
  • Shalom M. Paul, Amos (Hermeneia; Fortress, 1991)commentary

All attested forms of אַרְמוֹן

f p construct

אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ, אַרְמְנֹתֶיהָ

2Ch 36:19, Psa 48:3, Psa 48:13, Isa 23:13, Jer 6:5, Lam 2:5, Lam 2:7, Amo 1:14

f p construct

אַרְמְנוֹת

Jer 17:27, Jer 49:27, Amo 1:4, Amo 1:12, Amo 2:2, Amo 2:5

m s absolute

אַרְמוֹן

Pro 18:19, Isa 32:14, Jer 30:18

m s construct

אַרְמוֹן

1Ki 16:18, 2Ki 15:25, Isa 25:2

f p absolute

אַרְמְנוֹת

Amo 3:9, Amo 3:9

f p construct

אַרְמְנוֹתֵינוּ, אַרְמְנֹתֵינוּ

Jer 9:21, Mic 5:5

f p construct

אַרְמְנוֹתָיִךְ

Psa 122:7, Amo 3:11

f p construct

אַרְמְנוֹתֵיהֶם

Amo 3:10

f p construct

אַרְמְנֹתָיו

Amo 6:8