StrongerBible

anaph

אָנַף

HebrewH0599angry, wroth, ...

Appears 14 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 1:37Deu 4:21Deu 9:8Deu 9:201Ki 8:461Ki 11:92Ki 17:182Ch 6:36Ezr 9:14Psa 2:12Psa 60:1(3)Psa 79:5Psa 85:5(6)Isa 12:1
Root family
Word studyah-NAFverb

What anaph means

to be angry: the burning anger of God, which in the Bible is directed only against people for their sin

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word names anger, and in the Hebrew Bible it belongs to God alone. In all fourteen places it occurs, the LORD is the one who is angry: with Moses and Aaron, with Solomon, with the whole nation of Israel, and with the rebellious kings of the earth. When the Bible describes human anger it reaches for other words; this one is kept for God.

The verb is built on the Hebrew word for the nose or nostril (אַף), because anger was pictured as heat and hard breathing in the nostrils. So to say that God "was angry" here is to picture his face set hard against wrongdoing, not a passing bad mood.

Across the Old Testament the word carries a steady, weighty tone. It appears in prayers that plead with God to stop being angry (Psalm 79 and Psalm 85), in warnings that provoking him brings his anger down (Deuteronomy 9), and in the relief of Isaiah 12, where the worshiper remembers that God "was angry" but has turned his anger away. The anger is real, but it is never the last word.

Deu 1:37Deu 4:21Deu 9:8Deu 9:201Ki 8:461Ki 11:92Ki 17:182Ch 6:36Ezr 9:14Psa 2:12Psa 60:1(3)Psa 79:5

What scholars say about anaph

The verb אנף is a denominative from אַף "nose, nostril," the usual seat of anger in Biblical Hebrew, so its root image is the flaring of the nostrils in wrath. HALOT and BDB both define it "to be angry," and the standard observation is that all fourteen biblical occurrences take God as their subject. It appears in the qal and the reflexive-intensive hithpael with no discernible difference in sense, both denoting divine anger, concentrated in Deuteronomy's retrospect on the wilderness generation and in the communal laments of the Psalter.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. אנףlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. אנףlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. אנף / אַף (ʾānap / ʾap)theological dictionary

All attested forms of אָנַף

hithpael consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּתְאַנַּף

Deu 9:8, 1Ki 11:9, 2Ki 17:18

hithpael perfect 3ms

הִתְאַנַּף, הִתְאַנֶּף

Deu 1:37, Deu 9:20, Deu 4:21

qal imperfect 2ms

תֶּאֱנַף

Ezr 9:14, Psa 79:5, Psa 85:5

qal consecutive-perfect 2ms

וְאָנַפְתָּ

1Ki 8:46, 2Ch 6:36

qal perfect 2ms

אָנַפְתָּ

Psa 60:1, Isa 12:1

qal imperfect 3ms

יֶאֱנַף

Psa 2:12