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oniyyah

אֳנִיָּה

HebrewH0591ship

Appears 31 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 49:13Deu 28:68Jdg 5:171Ki 9:271Ki 22:48(49) (2×)1Ki 22:49(50)2Ch 8:182Ch 9:21 (2×)2Ch 20:36 (2×)2Ch 20:37Job 9:26Psa 48:7(8)Psa 104:26Pro 30:19Pro 31:14Isa 2:16Isa 23:1Isa 23:14Isa 60:9Ezk 27:9Ezk 27:25Ezk 27:29Jon 1:3Jon 1:4Jon 1:5
Root family
Word studyoh-nee-YAHnoun

What oniyyah means

a ship: a seagoing vessel

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for a ship, a boat built to travel the open sea rather than a river craft. It names the vessel itself, whether a single ship or, in the plural, a whole line of them.

Israel was not a seafaring nation, so ships turn up mostly at the edges of its story: in the sea trade King Solomon ran with Hiram of Tyre, in the recurring picture of the "ships of Tarshish" (a class of large ocean-going merchant vessel loaded with gold, silver, and cargo), and in poetry that marvels at boats gliding across waters no one can master. The one sustained sea adventure in the Old Testament, Jonah fleeing toward Tarshish, unfolds aboard one of these ships as a storm nearly tears it apart.

Because the vessel could carry great wealth and could also be smashed by a single east wind, the word often carries a double weight in the prophets: ships stand for the far-reaching commerce and pride of the nations, and their wreck stands for the sudden collapse of that pride.

Gen 49:13Deu 28:68Jdg 5:171Ki 9:271Ki 22:48(49) (2×)1Ki 22:49(50)2Ch 8:182Ch 9:21 (2×)2Ch 20:36 (2×)2Ch 20:37Job 9:26Psa 48:7(8)

What scholars say about oniyyah

The lexica (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat אֳנִיָּה as the feminine noun for a seagoing ship, a nomen unitatis alongside the collective אֳנִי "fleet, shipping." The sense is undisputed. Its distribution is telling: outside Jonah and a handful of poetic texts (Psalm 104:26; 107:23; Proverbs 30:19; 31:14), occurrences cluster in accounts of the Solomon-Hiram maritime trade (1 Kings 9:26-27; 22:48-49; 2 Chronicles 8:18; 9:21; 20:36-37) and in the recurring "ships of Tarshish" motif, a designation for large ocean-going merchantmen (Isaiah 2:16; 23:1, 14; 60:9; Ezekiel 27:9, 25). Commentators note that in the oracles against Tyre and Babylon the ship functions as a symbol of imperial commerce whose sudden wreck signals divine judgment.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. אֳנִיָּהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. אֳנִיָּהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. אֳנִיָּהlexicon

All attested forms of אֳנִיָּה

f p absolute

אֳנִיּוֹת

Gen 49:13, Deu 28:68, Jdg 5:17, 1Ki 9:27, 1Ki 22:48, 1Ki 22:49, 2Ch 8:18, 2Ch 9:21

f p construct

אֳנִיּוֹת

1Ki 22:48, 2Ch 9:21, Job 9:26, Psa 48:7, Pro 31:14, Isa 2:16, Isa 23:1, Isa 23:14

f s absolute

אֳנִיָּה, אָנִיָּה

Pro 30:19, Jon 1:4, Jon 1:5, Jon 1:3

f p construct

אָנִיּוֹתֵיהֶם

Ezk 27:29