StrongerBible

ayin

אַיִן

HebrewH0369there is no, without, ...

Appears 789 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 2:5Gen 5:24Gen 7:8Gen 11:30Gen 19:31Gen 20:7Gen 20:11Gen 28:17Gen 30:1Gen 30:33Gen 31:2Gen 31:5Gen 31:50Gen 37:24Gen 37:29Gen 37:30Gen 39:9Gen 39:11Gen 39:23Gen 40:8Gen 41:8Gen 41:15Gen 42:13Gen 42:32Gen 42:36 (2×)Gen 43:5Gen 44:26Gen 44:30Exo 5:10Exo 8:21(17)Exo 17:7Exo 32:32Lev 11:26 (2×)Lev 13:21Lev 13:26Lev 26:37Num 13:20Num 20:5Deu 1:32Deu 1:42Deu 4:12Deu 4:22Jdg 4:20Jdg 9:15Jdg 9:20Jdg 12:31Sa 9:41Sa 10:141Sa 19:112Sa 17:6
Word studyAH-yinparticle of negation

What ayin means

there is not: the word that denies that something exists or is present

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is Hebrew's main way of saying that something simply is not there. Where English says "there is" to assert that a thing exists, Hebrew uses this word to say the opposite: there is no such thing, none of it is here, it does not exist. It is the flat denial of being or presence.

Its senses are not different words but one idea worn into different shapes by the sentence around it. On its own it announces that something is missing or nonexistent ("there is no water," "she had no child"). With a personal ending attached it denies a person or thing in particular ("he is not here," "I am not"). Standing alone as a thing in itself it means "nothing, nothing at all," the way the prophets say the nations amount to nothing before God. And in fixed phrases it works like the English "without": without number, without a shepherd.

What ties all of this together is a single move: the speaker reaches for something expected, a person, an object, a possibility, and reports that it is not to be found. That is why one small word does so much work across the whole Hebrew Bible.

It is the exact mirror image of the word that asserts existence, "there is" (yesh). Where that word says a thing is present, this word says it is absent. The two are a matched pair, the yes and the no of existence in Hebrew.

Nuances

1athere is no such thing; something expected is missing or does not exist
Gen 2:5Gen 11:30Gen 19:31Gen 20:11Gen 31:50Gen 37:24Gen 39:11Gen 47:13Exo 17:1Lev 26:6Num 20:5Pro 13:4
1bhe is not, you are not, I am not: denying that a particular person or thing is present or alive
Gen 5:24Gen 20:7Gen 37:29Gen 37:30Gen 39:23Gen 42:13Gen 42:36 (2×)Gen 44:31Exo 5:10Exo 5:16Exo 33:15Jer 31:15
1cnothing, naught: nonexistence treated as a thing in itself
Gen 28:17Num 11:6Num 20:19Psa 39:5Psa 73:2Ecc 3:19Isa 40:17Isa 40:23Isa 41:11Isa 41:12Isa 41:24Isa 45:21
1dwithout; for lack of: a fixed phrasing where the absence of one thing qualifies another
Gen 41:49Exo 21:11Lev 11:10Lev 11:12Lev 14:21Lev 25:31Lev 26:17Lev 26:36Pro 11:14Pro 14:6Pro 17:16Pro 25:14

Uncategorized

Awaiting AI sense categorization.

4 verses
Job 35:15Mic 5:8Nam 2:8Nam 2:11

What scholars say about ayin

Standardly analyzed as a particle of negative existence, the antonym of the existential יֵשׁ, expressing non-existence or absence (BDB; HALOT; DCH). The lexica treat it as a single lexeme with syntactically conditioned uses rather than distinct meanings: predicative "there is not," the inflected forms with pronominal suffixes (אֵינֶנּוּ "he is not," etc.) negating a nominal predicate, the substantival "naught/nothing" prominent in Deutero-Isaiah's polemic against the nations and idols, and privative constructions equivalent to "without" (אֵין־מִסְפָּר, אֵין קֵץ). It is formally distinct from the homonym אַיִן "whence?" (interrogative; treated as a separate entry) and functionally distinct from the verbal negative לֹא. Its origin as a frozen substantive of non-being underlies the noun-like behaviors (construct state, suffixation).

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. אַיִןlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. אַיִן Ilexicon
  • DCH, s.v. אַיִןlexicon

All attested forms of אַיִן

m s construct

אֵין

Gen 11:30, Gen 19:31, Gen 20:11, Gen 28:17, Gen 31:50, Gen 37:24, Gen 37:29, Gen 39:11

m s construct

אֵינֶנּוּ

Gen 5:24, Gen 30:33, Gen 31:2, Gen 31:5, Gen 37:30, Gen 39:9, Gen 42:13, Gen 42:32

m s absolute

אַיִן, אָיִן

Gen 2:5, Gen 30:1, Exo 32:32, Num 13:20, Num 20:5, Jdg 9:15, Jdg 9:20, 1Sa 9:4

m s construct

אֵינָם, אֵינֵמוֹ

2Ki 17:26, 2Ki 17:34, 2Ki 17:34, Neh 13:24, Est 3:8, Psa 104:35, Pro 12:7, Ecc 5:1

m s construct

אֵינֶנִּי

Exo 5:10, Deu 1:42, Deu 4:22, Job 7:8, Job 7:21, Psa 39:13, Isa 1:15, Jer 7:16

m s construct

אֵינְךָ

Gen 20:7, Gen 43:5, Exo 8:21, Jdg 12:3, 1Sa 19:11, 2Sa 19:7, 1Ki 21:5, Neh 2:2

m s construct

אֵינְכֶם

Deu 1:32, Deu 4:12, 2Ki 12:7, Ezk 20:39, Mal 2:2, Mal 2:9

m s construct

אֵינֶנָּה

Gen 7:8, Lev 11:26, Lev 11:26, Lev 13:21, Lev 13:26, Zec 8:10

m s construct

אֵינֵךְ

Ezk 26:21, Ezk 27:36

c s construct

אֵין

Psa 56:7

m s construct

אֵינֶנּוּ

Jer 44:16