StrongerBible

av

אַב

AramaicH0002father, ancestors, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Ezr 4:15Ezr 5:12Dan 2:23Dan 5:2Dan 5:11 (3×)Dan 5:13Dan 5:18
Word studyAHVnoun

What av means

father: the man of the generation just before you, and in the plural the forebears your family or people came from

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the Aramaic word for father, and it appears only in the Aramaic parts of Daniel and Ezra, nine times in all. It is the twin of the Hebrew word (אָב), and it names the same bond that the word for son (בַּר) names from the other side. But the few verses that use it show only a narrow slice of the wider Hebrew range: no founder of a craft or a town, no honored title for a prophet or an official, and no address to God as father.

Every singular use falls in one chapter. Four times in Daniel 5 Nebuchadnezzar is called the father of the king now on the throne, once by the queen, once by Belshazzar himself, and once by Daniel. The relationship in view is a royal one, the man whose place the present king has taken, and the word carries it without insisting that the two were parent and child by birth.

In the plural the word reaches back across generations rather than one. It names the forebears whose actions still shape the present: the ancestors who angered the God of heaven and so lost the temple and the city, and the earlier kings whose written records a later king is told to search. English normally changes words here, from "fathers" to "ancestors" or "forefathers", though the Aramaic has only the one word for both.

One use stands slightly apart. When Daniel thanks the God of his ancestors, he is using a settled way of naming God that reaches past his own family to the whole line of Israel before him. It is the Aramaic form of a phrase already worn smooth in Hebrew, and Daniel reaches for it at the moment he is given the answer no one else in Babylon could produce.

Nuances

1aa man's father, and in Daniel the king who reigned before the one being addressed
Dan 5:2Dan 5:11 (3×)Dan 5:13Dan 5:18
1bforebears as a group: the earlier generations of a people, or the kings who ruled before
Ezr 4:15Ezr 5:12
1cin the set phrase naming God as the God of one's ancestors, the God of the generations before
Dan 2:23

What scholars say about av

The lexica treat Biblical Aramaic אַב as the counterpart of Hebrew אָב, with the same core sense and the same extension from a single male parent to more distant forebears. HALOT and BDB divide the nine attestations the same way: the singular in Daniel 5 (5:2, 11, 13, 18) of Nebuchadnezzar in relation to Belshazzar, and the plural אֲבָהָת (Ezra 4:15; 5:12; Daniel 2:23) of forefathers. That plural is anomalous, formed on an expanded stem rather than as the regular plural of the singular noun, and the Aramaic grammars (Rosenthal; Bauer and Leander) treat it as a survival of an older by-form of the noun, paralleled in later Aramaic dialects. Commentators on Daniel 5 take "father" there in the broader dynastic sense of a predecessor or forebear in the royal line, since the Babylonian sources present Belshazzar as the son of Nabonidus; Montgomery and Collins both read it that way rather than as an assertion of direct descent, and the same latitude is well attested for Hebrew אָב. The phrase אֱלָהּ אֲבָהָתִי in Daniel 2:23 is generally understood as the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew formula "the God of my fathers", identifying the God who answers Daniel with the God of the ancestral covenant.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. אַב (Biblical Aramaic)lexicon
  • BDB, s.v. אַב (Biblical Aramaic)lexicon
  • F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaicgrammar
  • H. Bauer and P. Leander, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischengrammar
  • J. A. Montgomery, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel, ICCcommentary
  • J. J. Collins, Daniel, Hermeneiacommentary

All attested forms of אַב

c s construct

אֲבוּךְ

Dan 5:11, Dan 5:11, Dan 5:11, Dan 5:18

c s construct

אַבִי

Dan 5:13

c s construct

אֲבוּהִי

Dan 5:2

f s construct

אֲבָהֳתַנָא

Ezr 5:12

f s construct

אֲבָהָתִי

Dan 2:23

f s construct

אֲבָהָתָךְ

Ezr 4:15