StrongerBible

chreia

χρεία

GreekG5532need, necessity, ...

Appears 49 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:14Mat 6:8Mat 9:12Mat 14:16Mat 21:3Mat 26:65Mrk 2:17Mrk 2:25Mrk 11:3Mrk 14:63Luk 5:31Luk 9:11Luk 10:42Act 6:3Act 20:34Act 28:10Rom 12:13Eph 4:29Php 2:25Tit 3:14Heb 7:11
Compound of
Root family
Word studyKHRAY-ahnoun

What chreia means

need: the lack of something necessary, the thing lacked, or the matter that must be attended to

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary New Testament word for need. At its core it names a gap between what someone has and what they require, and the writers use it across a natural range without ever leaving that core behind. Most often it points to the bare fact of needing something, almost always in the set phrase rendered "to have need of": the sick need a doctor, the colt's owner needs it, God already knows what we need before we ask.

From that fact of needing, the word slides easily to the concrete thing needed, especially when it turns up in the plural. Here it means real shortfalls that someone can step in and meet: a missionary's expenses, the daily wants of widows, a brother who has no food or clothing. This is where the word does much of its practical work in the letters, naming the very needs the church is told to share and supply.

In a few places the same word stretches to the matter or task that needs handling. When the apostles tell the church to pick seven men to be put in charge of "this need," they mean the business of the daily distribution. The meaning has not changed: it is still what calls for attention, only now framed as a job rather than a shortage.

The word is not theologically loaded. Its interest lies in how plainly the New Testament treats need as something to be met, by God who supplies it and by a community that shares it.

Nuances

1athe fact of needing something; that something is required or necessary
Mat 3:14Mat 6:8Mat 9:12Mat 14:16Mat 21:3Mat 26:65Mrk 2:17Mrk 2:25Mrk 11:3Mrk 14:63Luk 5:31Luk 9:11
1ba concrete need; the thing lacked, especially a material want that can be supplied
Jhn 13:29Act 2:45Act 4:35Act 20:34Act 28:10Rom 12:13Eph 4:28Php 2:25Php 4:16Php 4:191Th 4:12Tit 3:14
1cthe matter or task that needs attending to; the business at hand
Act 6:3Eph 4:29

What scholars say about chreia

Lexica treat χρεία as a single semantic field anchored in the notion of need, with related nuances rather than separate homonyms. BDAG distinguishes (1) necessity or need, overwhelmingly in the idiom χρείαν ἔχειν; (2) that which is lacking, a need understood concretely, frequent in the plural (Acts 20:34; Rom 12:13; Phil 2:25; 4:16); and (3) in classical and Hellenistic usage a duty, office, or task, the sense most plausibly behind ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης in Acts 6:3. LSJ documents the same range in wider Greek, where the office or service nuance is well attested. The noun derives from χρή (it is necessary) and χράομαι (to use, make use of), which accounts for the overlap between needing a thing and having a matter to handle. Commentators on Acts 6:3 divide over whether χρεία there means the concrete business of the distribution or a more formal duty, but agree the lexical meaning is need or matter requiring attention, not a technical office title.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. χρείαlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. χρείαlexicon
  • EDNT, s.v. χρείαdictionary

All attested forms of χρεία

accusative f s

χρείαν

Mat 3:14, Mat 6:8, Mat 9:12, Mat 14:16, Mat 21:3, Mat 26:65, Mrk 2:17, Mrk 2:25

genitive f s

χρείας

Act 6:3, Eph 4:29, Php 2:25

accusative f p

χρείας

Act 28:10, Tit 3:14

dative f p

χρείαις

Act 20:34, Rom 12:13

nominative f s

χρεία

Luk 10:42, Heb 7:11