StrongerBible

phaneros

φανερός

GreekG5318manifest, openly, ...

Appears 21 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 6:4Mat 6:6Mat 6:18Mat 12:16Mrk 3:12Mrk 4:22Mrk 6:14Luk 8:17 (2×)Act 4:16Act 7:13Rom 1:19Rom 2:28 (2×)1Co 3:131Co 11:191Co 14:25Gal 5:19Php 1:131Ti 4:151Jn 3:10
Word studyfah-neh-ROSSadjective

What phaneros means

out in the open: visible, evident, and publicly known, as opposed to hidden or secret

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Phaneros belongs to a family of Greek words built on the idea of shining or coming into view (the same root gives the verb "to bring to light"). At its core it describes whatever is out in the open rather than concealed. Depending on what is in the open, English reaches for different words: a fact that is plainly evident, a person or piece of news that has become widely known, or a deed done publicly rather than in secret. The three senses below are simply that one idea applied to a thing, to a person, and to the manner of an action.

The word almost always defines itself by its opposite. Again and again it stands directly against "hidden" or "in secret": nothing covered up that will not be brought into the open, secrets of the heart laid bare, giving done in secret and rewarded in the open. To call something phaneros is to say it has crossed the line from concealed to exposed.

Because of that, the word carries real weight in the New Testament's talk of judgment and revelation. When Paul says each person's work will be shown for what it is, or that what can be known of God is plain to everyone, he is using this everyday word for a solemn point: on the last day, and in the gospel now, what was hidden is dragged into the light.

Nuances

1aevident, plain, out in the open: a fact, quality, or true character that is or becomes apparent, no longer concealed
Mrk 4:22Luk 8:17 (2×)Act 4:16Rom 1:191Co 3:131Co 11:191Co 14:25Gal 5:191Ti 4:151Jn 3:10
1bwidely known, recognized, famous: a person, name, or matter that comes to public notice
Mat 12:16Mrk 3:12Mrk 6:14Act 7:13Php 1:13
1cin the open, openly: the fixed phrase for something done in public, set against being done in secret
Mat 6:4Mat 6:6Mat 6:18Rom 2:28 (2×)

What scholars say about phaneros

The lexica agree on the sense of φανερός. It belongs to the φαίνω / φανερόω word group (φαίνω "to shine, appear") and denotes what is visible, out in the open, and so evident or publicly known, in explicit opposition to κρυπτός "hidden" (BDAG, s.v.; LSJ, s.v.). BDAG groups the uses as (1a) of things, clear or evident (Rom 1:19; Gal 5:19; 1 Cor 3:13); (1b) of persons, known or recognized (Mark 3:12; 6:14; 1 Cor 11:19); and (2) the substantival ἐν τῷ φανερῷ, "in public, openly," opposite ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ (Matt 6:4, 6, 18), which at Rom 2:28 shades to "outwardly." Bultmann's TDNT article on the φανερόω group underscores the theological weight the family carries in Paul and John, where the eschatological bringing-to-light of what is hidden (1 Cor 3:13; 4:5) is a governing motif. The lexical sense of the adjective itself is not disputed; the interpretive questions in these verses concern the surrounding syntax (e.g. ἐν αὐτοῖς in Rom 1:19) rather than what φανερός means.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. φανερόςlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. φανερόςlexicon
  • R. Bultmann, 'φανερόω κτλ.,' TDNT 9:2-4theological-dictionary
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, §28.28, 28.36lexicon

All attested forms of φανερός

nominative n s

φανερὸν, φανερόν

Mrk 6:14, Luk 8:17, Act 7:13, 1Co 3:13, Act 4:16, Rom 1:19

dative n s

φανερῷ

Mat 6:4, Mat 6:6, Mat 6:18, Rom 2:28, Rom 2:28

accusative m s

φανερὸν, φανερόν

Mat 12:16, Mrk 3:12, Mrk 4:22

nominative n p

φανερὰ, φανερά

1Co 14:25, Gal 5:19, 1Jn 3:10

accusative m p

φανεροὺς

Php 1:13

accusative n s

φανερὸν

Luk 8:17

nominative f s

φανερὰ

1Ti 4:15

nominative m p

φανεροὶ

1Co 11:19