StrongerBible

trophē

τροφή

GreekG5160food, nourishment, ...

Appears 16 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:4Mat 6:25Mat 10:10Mat 24:45Luk 12:23Jhn 4:8Act 2:46Act 9:19Act 14:17Act 27:33Act 27:34Act 27:36Act 27:38Heb 5:12Heb 5:14Jas 2:15
Root family
Word studytro-FAYnoun

What trophē means

food: whatever is eaten to nourish and sustain life

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Greek word for food, whatever a person eats to stay alive and strong. It stretches across a meal, a daily diet, provisions bought at the market, the rations a master doles out, and the keep a worker earns. Everywhere it appears in the New Testament it stays close to that plain center: nourishment that sustains the body.

Where other food words name a particular item, this word names the function. Bread (ἄρτος) is the staple loaf, and βρῶμα is the thing eaten as a dish or portion, but this word is food seen as what keeps life going. That is why it pairs so naturally with life itself, as in the question "is not life more than food?"

The letter to the Hebrews stretches the word into a picture: "solid food" for those mature enough to handle harder teaching, set against "milk" for beginners. The word still means food; the writer simply borrows the everyday experience of eating to describe growing up in understanding.

Nuances

1afood, nourishment: what is eaten to sustain the body, including one's provisions or keep
Mat 3:4Mat 6:25Mat 10:10Mat 24:45Luk 12:23Jhn 4:8Act 2:46Act 9:19Act 14:17Act 27:33Act 27:34Act 27:36
1bfigurative: solid food as a picture of advanced teaching that mature believers can handle
Heb 5:12Heb 5:14

What scholars say about trophē

Standard lexicons treat this word as a concrete noun from the verb "to nourish," denoting nourishment and, concretely, food (BDAG; LSJ), and Louw and Nida place it in the food domain (5.1). Documentary papyri use it for maintenance, rations, and support payments, which illuminates the keep-in-kind nuance at Matthew 10:10 and the master's food-allotment at Matthew 24:45 (Moulton and Milligan). Hebrews 5:12 to 14 applies the phrase "solid food" figuratively to advanced Christian instruction, a recognized extension of the ordinary sense rather than a distinct lexical meaning.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. τροφήlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. τροφήlexicon
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, 5.1lexicon
  • Moulton & Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. τροφήlexicon

All attested forms of τροφή

genitive f s

τροφῆς

Mat 6:25, Mat 10:10, Luk 12:23, Act 2:46, Act 14:17, Act 27:33, Act 27:34, Act 27:36

accusative f s

τροφὴν

Mat 24:45, Act 9:19

nominative f s

τροφὴ

Mat 3:4, Heb 5:14

accusative f p

τροφὰς

Jhn 4:8