StrongerBible

tropos

τρόπος

GreekG5158way, manner, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 23:37Luk 13:34Act 1:11Act 7:28Act 15:11Act 27:25Rom 3:2Php 1:182Th 2:32Th 3:162Ti 3:8Heb 13:5Jud 1:7
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyTRO-posnoun

What tropos means

the manner in which something is done or happens, and so also the manner in which a person lives

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This word answers the question "how?" It does not name what is done or where it leads, only the fashion in which it is carried out. That is what keeps it apart from the word for a road or a path (ὁδός), which pictures a course someone travels. A reader who meets "way" in an English Bible is more often meeting that other word than this one.

Most of its New Testament appearances sit inside one fixed comparison, a short phrase English renders simply as "just as" or "in the same way that":

  • a hen gathering her chicks under her wings
  • the Egyptian whom Moses had killed the day before
  • Jesus coming back exactly as the disciples watched him go

The word is doing real work in each of those, but English carries the whole comparison with a linking phrase, so the word itself leaves no trace in the translation.

The remaining uses put a quantity in front of it, so that it measures how many ways are in view rather than naming one. Paul says the Jewish people were advantaged "in every way", rejoices that Christ is preached "in every way" whether the motives are honest or not, and warns that no one should deceive the Thessalonians "in any way" at all. Nothing about the word shifts in these; only its scope does.

Once, in Hebrews 13:5, it describes a person rather than an action, and names the pattern a person's actions add up to: their settled way of living. The sentence there has no verb at all, which is why English versions supply one and reach for a fuller phrase, whether "conduct", "life", or the older "conversation", a word that once meant how someone lived rather than how they talked. Greek has words aimed more directly at that idea, including one for observable behavior among others (ἀναστροφή) and one for settled moral habit (ἦθος). Hebrews reaches instead for the everyday word and lets the setting carry the weight.

Nuances

1ain a comparison: the way in which one thing corresponds to another, usually carried in English by "just as" or "in the same way that"
Mat 23:37Luk 13:34Act 1:11Act 7:28Act 15:11Act 27:252Ti 3:8Jud 1:7
1bwith a word of quantity: how many ways something can happen, as in "in every way" or "in no way"
Rom 3:2Php 1:182Th 2:32Th 3:16
1ca person's settled way of living: the habits and conduct that add up to character
TranslatabilityApproximate
Heb 13:5

What scholars say about tropos

The lexica are unanimous on this word's semantic core. BDAG divides it into (1) "manner, way, kind, guise," noting the frozen comparative formula ὃν τρόπον together with the prepositional variants κατὰ πάντα τρόπον and κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον, and (2) "way of life, turn of mind," attested in the New Testament only at Hebrews 13:5. LSJ traces the same development in classical usage from τρέπω, "to turn": first a turn or direction, then a manner or fashion, then of persons their habits and character, and in a technical musical application a mode. EDNT and Louw and Nida likewise treat the comparative ὃν τρόπον as a set idiom rather than a separate lexical sense; it is a standard Hellenistic formula, discussed as such in the Blass, Debrunner and Funk grammar, and abundantly attested in the Septuagint where it renders כַּאֲשֶׁר. Its concentration in Luke and Acts (five of the thirteen New Testament instances) belongs with that translation-Greek coloring rather than marking any distinct meaning. At Hebrews 13:5 the verbless clause Ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος has produced discussion over whether a command or a statement is to be supplied, but Attridge and Lane agree that the noun there denotes the addressees' manner of life; the ambiguity is one of sentence construction, not of the word's sense. No modern lexicon or critical commentary contests the sense inventory.

Sources

  • Walter Bauer, Frederick W. Danker, W. F. Arndt and F. W. Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), s.v. τρόποςlexicon
  • Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott and Henry Stuart Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. with revised supplement (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996), s.v. τρόποςlexicon
  • Johannes P. Louw and Eugene A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, 2nd ed. (New York: United Bible Societies, 1989), s.v. τρόποςlexicon
  • Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider, eds., Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990-1993), s.v. τρόποςtheological-dictionary
  • F. Blass, A. Debrunner and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), on comparative clausesgrammar
  • Harold W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews, Hermeneia (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989), on Hebrews 13:5commentary
  • William L. Lane, Hebrews 9-13, Word Biblical Commentary 47B (Dallas: Word, 1991), on Hebrews 13:5commentary

All attested forms of τρόπος

accusative m s

τρόπον

Mat 23:37, Luk 13:34, Act 1:11, Act 7:28, Act 15:11, Act 27:25, Rom 3:2, 2Th 2:3

dative m s

τρόπῳ

Php 1:18, 2Th 3:16

nominative m s

τρόπος

Heb 13:5