StrongerBible

suneudokeō

συνευδοκέω

GreekG4909to agree to

Appears 6 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Luk 11:48Act 8:1Act 22:20Rom 1:321Co 7:121Co 7:13
Compound of
Word studysoon-yoo-dok-EH-ohverb

What suneudokeō means

to be glad along with someone else about what they are doing, and so to approve of it or agree to it

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Greek word for being pleased with something, with "together with" fastened to the front, and that small addition does all the work. It never describes a private opinion held at a distance. It describes a person lining up their own pleasure with what somebody else is doing, so that the two of them now stand on the same side of the act.

Four of the six uses in the New Testament put that shared pleasure behind a killing, and the pattern is hard to miss.

  • In Luke 11:48 Jesus tells the experts in the law that building fine tombs for the prophets puts them shoulder to shoulder with the ancestors who killed them.
  • In Acts 8:1 Luke uses the word for Saul at Stephen's stoning, where Saul throws nothing and is still entirely with the men who do.
  • In Acts 22:20 Paul quotes the same word back against himself years later, as something he did rather than something he merely allowed.
  • In Romans 1:32 Paul makes it the last and heaviest item on his list: people who not only do such things but are glad when others do them.

The two uses in 1 Corinthians run in a gentler direction and show that the word is not tied to guilt. There an unbelieving husband or wife is content to go on living with a spouse who has become a Christian, and Paul tells the believer not to break the marriage up. The pleasure is quiet and domestic, but the idea underneath is the same: one person is willing to go along with the shape another person's life has taken.

The simple verb it is built on (εὐδοκέω) can stand alone, since God is well pleased with his Son and no second party is needed. Adding "together with" turns approval into company, which is why this word so often decides whether someone was a bystander or a participant.

Nuances

1ato share in approving what other people do, siding with the doers and not merely with the deed
Luk 11:48Act 8:1Act 22:20Rom 1:32
1bto be willing to go along with an arrangement another person wants: to consent to it
1Co 7:121Co 7:13

What scholars say about suneudokeō

BDAG divides the six New Testament occurrences by construction rather than by root sense: with a dative object the verb means to join in approving, to agree with, or to sympathize with (Luke 11:48; Acts 8:1; 22:20; Rom 1:32), while with a complementary infinitive it means to be willing or to consent (1 Cor 7:12, 13). LSJ documents the same range in classical and Hellenistic usage, where the compound regularly marks a second party's concurrence with an action already under way. Moulton and Milligan collect a substantial papyrus dossier in which συνευδοκέω functions almost as a technical term of documentary Greek: a wife, guardian, or co-owner records formal consent to a sale, loan, or contract, which is the world of language Paul draws on in 1 Corinthians 7. Schrenk's TDNT treatment of the εὐδοκ- word group observes that the σύν- prefix supplies the associative element the simple verb lacks, and that Paul exploits it at Rom 1:32 to make approval of others' conduct the rhetorical climax of the indictment rather than an appendix to it; Cranfield defends that climactic reading against the suggestion that the clause is an anticlimax, arguing that public approval propagates the sin beyond the agent. EDNT follows the same two-fold division and treats the moral weight of Acts 8:1 and 22:20 as Lukan characterization of Saul, tying the two verses together, rather than as a distinct lexical sense. Thiselton notes that the documentary force of the verb in 1 Cor 7:12, 13 supports reading the unbeliever's willingness as a settled, continuing disposition rather than a single decision, which is why the present tense there is significant for Paul's pastoral ruling.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. συνευδοκέωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. συνευδοκέωlexicon
  • J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. συνευδοκέωlexicon
  • G. Schrenk, "εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκία," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 2theological-dictionary
  • Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, s.v. συνευδοκέωtheological-dictionary
  • C. E. B. Cranfield, The Epistle to the Romans, ICC, on Romans 1:32commentary
  • A. C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, NIGTC, on 1 Corinthians 7:12-13commentary

All attested forms of συνευδοκέω

present active indicative 3s

συνευδοκεῖ

1Co 7:12, 1Co 7:13

present active participle nominative m s

συνευδοκῶν

Act 8:1, Act 22:20

present active indicative 2p

συνευδοκεῖτε

Luk 11:48

present active indicative 3p

συνευδοκοῦσιν

Rom 1:32