StrongerBible

prosōpon

πρόσωπον

GreekG4383face, presence, ...

Appears 78 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 6:16Mat 6:17Mat 11:10Mat 16:3Mat 17:2Mat 17:6Mat 18:10Mat 22:16Mat 26:39Mat 26:67Mrk 1:2Mrk 12:14Mrk 14:65Luk 1:76Luk 2:31Luk 5:12Luk 7:27Luk 9:29Luk 9:51Luk 9:52Luk 9:53Luk 10:1Luk 12:56Luk 24:5Act 2:28Act 3:20(19)Act 5:41Act 7:45Act 13:24Act 20:252Co 1:112Co 2:102Co 3:182Co 4:62Co 5:12Gal 1:22Col 2:11Th 2:17Heb 9:241Pe 3:12Jud 1:16Rev 7:11Rev 9:7 (2×)Rev 10:1Rev 11:16
Names & words formed with this
Word studyPROS-oh-ponnoun

What prosōpon means

the face, and by extension the presence a face conveys, the outward look of a thing, or the person the face stands for

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

The basic picture is the front of the head, the face that another person sees and meets. From that one concrete image the word reaches out in three directions that the New Testament uses constantly.

Because you meet someone by facing them, the face comes to mean presence: to be 'before someone's face' is to be in front of them or sent ahead of them, to be "face to face" is to be together in person, and to flee 'from someone's face' is to get away from them. Because the face is the side of a thing that shows, it can mean the surface or outward look: the face of the ground, the face of the sky, or how a person appears as against what is in the heart. And because a face identifies who someone is, it can stand for the person, especially in the old expression "to receive the face," which means to take someone's side because of who they are rather than what is right.

These are not separate words that happen to look alike. They are one word stretched along a single line of thought, from the literal face outward to presence, appearance, and person. Much of this range is inherited: the Greek writers are leaning on a Hebrew way of speaking in which "face" already carried all of these uses.

Nuances

1athe visible face of a person or living creature
Mat 6:16Mat 6:17Mat 17:2Mat 17:6Mat 18:10Mat 26:39Mat 26:67Mrk 14:65Luk 5:12Luk 9:29Luk 9:51Luk 9:53
1bpresence: being before, ahead of, in person with, or away from someone
Mat 11:10Mrk 1:2Luk 1:76Luk 2:31Luk 7:27Luk 9:52Luk 10:1Act 2:28Act 5:41Act 13:24Heb 9:241Pe 3:12
1cthe outward look of something: a surface, or how a person or thing appears on the outside
Mat 16:3Luk 12:56Luk 21:35Act 17:262Co 5:122Co 10:7Jas 1:11Jas 1:23
1da person, in the expression "to receive the face," meaning to favor someone because of who they are
Mat 22:16Mrk 12:14Luk 20:21Gal 2:6Jud 1:16

What scholars say about prosōpon

Standard lexica treat πρόσωπον as one word with a wide range radiating from the literal face: the face itself, presence (before, in person, or away from), outward appearance or surface, and the person, especially in the Septuagint expression "to receive the face" for partiality. BDAG and Louw-Nida lay out these uses, and EDNT and TDNT trace the heavy debt to the Hebrew panim, whose own range the Greek translators reproduced.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. πρόσωπονlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. πρόσωπονlexicon
  • E. Lohse, 'πρόσωπον,' in TDNT 6:768-780dictionary
  • H. G. Schonweiss / W. Beyer, 'πρόσωπον,' in EDNT 3:180-181dictionary

All attested forms of πρόσωπον

accusative n s

πρόσωπον, πρόσωπόν

Mat 16:3, Mat 17:6, Mat 18:10, Mat 22:16, Mat 26:39, Mat 26:67, Mrk 12:14, Mrk 14:65

genitive n s

προσώπου

Mat 11:10, Mrk 1:2, Luk 1:76, Luk 7:27, Luk 9:29, Luk 9:52, Luk 10:1, Act 2:28

dative n s

προσώπῳ

2Co 2:10, 2Co 3:18, 2Co 4:6, 2Co 5:12, Gal 1:22, 1Th 2:17, Heb 9:24

accusative n p

πρόσωπα

Mat 6:16, Luk 24:5, Jud 1:16, Rev 7:11, Rev 11:16

nominative n s

πρόσωπον

Mat 17:2, Luk 9:53, 1Pe 3:12, Rev 10:1

nominative n p

πρόσωπα

Rev 9:7, Rev 9:7

genitive n p

προσώπων

2Co 1:11