StrongerBible

prosdokaō

προσδοκάω

GreekG4328expect, look for, ...

Appears 16 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 11:3Mat 24:50Luk 1:21Luk 3:15Luk 7:19Luk 7:20Luk 8:40Luk 12:46Act 3:5Act 10:24Act 27:33Act 28:6 (2×)2Pe 3:122Pe 3:132Pe 3:14
Word studypros-dok-AH-ohverb

What prosdokaō means

to wait for or expect something one is sure is coming: to look ahead to a person's arrival or an event's outcome

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the everyday New Testament word for leaning forward toward something you are sure lies ahead. The mind is fixed on the future and watches for it, whether that future is a person about to arrive or an event about to happen.

Sometimes what is awaited is welcome and longed for: a crowd waiting for Jesus, people watching for the promised Messiah, believers looking for new heavens and a new earth. Sometimes it is a plain reckoning that something will occur, good or grim alike: a servant caught off guard on a day he did not expect it, or bystanders expecting a snake-bitten man to swell up and drop dead. The single thread through both is anticipation, the future already held in view.

In Luke, Acts, and 2 Peter the word often carries the church's forward look toward what God has promised. It sits close to προσδέχομαι, which adds the note of glad welcome, and to the more intense ἀπεκδέχομαι, which strains eagerly toward the end.

Nuances

1ato wait expectantly for a person or a promised event to arrive
Mat 11:3Luk 1:21Luk 3:15Luk 7:19Luk 7:20Luk 8:40Act 10:242Pe 3:122Pe 3:132Pe 3:14
1bto expect or reckon that a particular outcome will happen
Mat 24:50Luk 12:46Act 3:5Act 27:33Act 28:6 (2×)

What scholars say about prosdokaō

A compound of the preposition pros- with dokao (a byform of dokeo, "to think, suppose"), attested from Homer and Herodotus onward with the sense "to expect, look for, await." BDAG and LSJ treat it as essentially one lexeme covering both persons awaited and events anticipated, ranging from neutral supposition to hopeful watching; Louw and Nida place it in the domains of both waiting (85.60) and expecting/hoping (25.59). In the New Testament it is concentrated in Luke-Acts and 2 Peter, frequently with eschatological weight (awaiting the Messiah, the day of God, the new heavens and new earth). There is no lexical dispute over its meaning.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. προσδοκάωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. προσδοκάωlexicon
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, 25.59; 85.60lexicon

All attested forms of προσδοκάω

present active indicative 1p

προσδοκῶμεν

Mat 11:3, Luk 7:19, Luk 7:20, 2Pe 3:13

present active participle nominative m p

προσδοκῶντες

Luk 8:40, Act 27:33, 2Pe 3:14

present active participle nominative m s

προσδοκῶν

Luk 1:21, Act 3:5, Act 10:24

present active indicative 3s

προσδοκᾷ

Mat 24:50, Luk 12:46

imperfect active indicative 3p

προσεδόκων

Act 28:6

present active participle accusative m p

προσδοκῶντας

2Pe 3:12

present active participle genitive m p

προσδοκώντων

Act 28:6

present active participle genitive m s

Προσδοκῶντος

Luk 3:15