where: the question word asking at what place someone or something is, or where it is going
This is the ordinary Greek word for asking "where." It wants to know the place of something: where a person is, where an object has been put, where a road leads. In the Gospels it opens some of the most direct questions in the story, from the wise men asking where the newborn king is, to the sisters asking Jesus where he wants the Passover prepared, to Jesus asking where they have laid Lazarus.
Older Greek kept two separate question words, one for "where is it?" and another for "where is it going?" By the time of the New Testament the second had faded, and this one word does both jobs. So the same word asks "Where is he?" and "Where are you going?" The older King James Bible still marks the difference with the now archaic "whither" for the second kind, as when the disciples ask, "Lord, whither goest thou?"
Very often the question is not really looking for an answer. A speaker asks "where?" to make a point that something is gone or was never there. When Jesus asks the frightened disciples, "Where is your faith?" he is not requesting its location but exposing its absence. Paul's "Where then is boasting?" means there is no room left for it, and his taunt "O death, where is your victory?" declares that death has been stripped of it. This is a matter of force, not a change of meaning: the word still means "where," but the question has been turned into a statement.