martus

• Names the person who testifies: someone who saw or experienced something and can vouch for it firsthand.Act 1:8Act 1:22Act 10:39
• Counts as a person in legal procedure, where a charge stands or falls on the number of people who attest it.Mat 18:162Co 13:11Ti 5:19

• Both belong to the courtroom world of giving evidence, and the New Testament stretches both toward bearing witness about Jesus and paying for it: the costly statement and the person who pays often stand side by side.Rev 6:9Rev 2:13

• Names the testimony itself: the statement or evidence that is given, which can be examined, accepted, or rejected on its own terms.Jhn 5:31Jhn 8:131Jn 5:9
• Can be measured against a legal standard: a statement is judged true or false, sufficient or not, apart from who spoke it.Jhn 8:17Mrk 14:56Tit 1:13

• A witness in the honest, primary sense: someone who reports what they actually saw or knew, so their testimony can be trusted and acted on. The apostles are called witnesses precisely because they saw the events themselves.Act 1:8Act 2:32
• It carries the weight of legal proof: the standard rule is that a charge must stand on the word of two or three witnesses, so a true witness is the very thing that establishes a fact in court.Mat 18:162Co 13:11Ti 5:19
• It can mean one who testifies to the truth at the cost of their life, the seed of the later word martyr: those killed for their faithful witness.Act 22:20Rev 2:13Rev 17:6

• Both name a person who gives testimony, someone whose word is offered to settle what really happened. They differ only in whether that word is true: one reports what is real, the other reports a lie.Mat 18:16Mat 26:60

• A false witness: by definition someone who testifies to something untrue, an accuser whose words are lies. The word names the corruption of testimony itself, never an honest report.Mat 26:60
• Used to expose a claim as a lie about God: Paul says that if the dead are not raised, then the apostles would be exposed as false witnesses, people caught testifying to something that did not happen.1Co 15:15

• Names someone who TESTIFIES to what they have personally seen or known; the core idea is giving evidence, especially of the risen Jesus, not being sent. The disciples are commissioned as those who can vouch from firsthand sight.Act 1:8Act 2:32
• Has a courtroom sense the apostle word lacks: the person who corroborates a charge so that, by two or three of them, a matter is established.Mat 18:162Co 13:1
• Lets a speaker call God to vouch for the truth of his own heart, a use bound to the idea of attesting that the sending word never has.Rom 1:9Php 1:8
• Stretches to one who keeps testifying to Jesus even to the point of being killed for it, the seed of the later word martyr.Act 22:20Rev 2:13

• Both name authoritative figures in the early church's mission whose role centers on the risen Jesus: the apostles are themselves attesters of the resurrection, and the witness is defined by testifying to that same risen Lord, so the two roles overlap in the same people.Act 4:33Act 1:22

• Names someone SENT out with delegated authority and a commission; the core idea is the dispatching, not the report. Jesus appoints and sends the Twelve, and the title sticks to that authorized sending.Mrk 3:14Luk 6:13
• Functions as a recognized office or standing role in the church, listed alongside prophets and teachers as one of the offices God appointed, something a witness never is.1Co 12:28Eph 4:11
• Carries weight as a commissioned credential one can claim, defend, or counterfeit: Paul argues he is a true apostle sent by Christ, and warns of false apostles who only pose as one.Gal 1:12Co 11:13
• Can be a plain delegate or envoy sent on an errand by a church or person, an everyday sense the legal-testimony word never carries.Php 2:252Co 8:23

• Names the person who gives testimony, often in a formal or legal setting where the mouth of two or three establishes a matter. The role is about attesting a claim before others, not about what the person happened to see.Mat 18:162Co 13:11Ti 5:19Heb 10:28
• Can name the one called to vouch for the truth of another's sincerity, up to and including God himself, where no seeing of any event is in view at all. Paul repeatedly summons God as the one who can confirm that his motives are genuine.Rom 1:92Co 1:23Php 1:81Th 2:5
• Stretches to the one who testifies to Christ even at the cost of life, the seed of the later word martyr. It is worn by Stephen as he is killed and by those slain for their loyalty, a sense of faithful public confession that firsthand seeing never carries.Act 22:20Rev 2:13Rev 17:6

• Both can name a person whose report rests on direct knowledge of the events, someone who was actually there and so can ground the account for others. Luke's firsthand observers and the apostles chosen to attest the resurrection are cut from the same cloth.Luk 1:2Act 1:22

• Points purely to having seen the events firsthand, with one's own eyes. Its whole force is direct visual experience: it says nothing about speaking, testifying, or being called on to prove anything. Luke names such people as the original sources whose personal seeing stands behind his written account.Luk 1:2

• Names a person who testifies, not the content of what is said: the legal witness whose word establishes a matter, required in twos or threes before a charge can stand.Mat 18:162Co 13:11Ti 5:19
• The defining word for the apostles as eyewitnesses who saw the risen Jesus and were appointed to report what they had seen and heard.Act 1:8Act 2:32Act 10:39
• Calls God or Christ as a personal witness to the truth of one's conduct or heart, an appeal a thing-word could not make.Rom 1:9Php 1:81Th 2:5
• Extends to the faithful witness who suffers for the testimony, the sense that shades toward "martyr," naming a person whose life backs the witness.Act 22:20Rev 1:5Rev 2:13

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• Names the thing testified rather than the person testifying: the evidence, the content of a testimony, the proof presented. Often paired with the phrase "for a testimony to them," meaning the act will stand as evidence against or before people.Mat 8:4Mrk 6:11Luk 9:5
• Used for the testimony that is preached or carried into the world: the message about Christ confirmed in believers and proclaimed to all nations as a body of evidence.Mat 24:141Co 1:61Ti 2:6
• Fixed in the title of the sacred tent, the "tabernacle of the testimony," where it names the divine witness deposited in a place rather than any human speaker.Act 7:44Rev 15:5