StrongerBible

klinō

κλίνω

GreekG2827bow, lay, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 8:20Luk 9:12Luk 9:58Luk 24:5Luk 24:29Jhn 19:30Heb 11:34
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyKLEE-nohverb

What klinō means

to tip something out of upright: to bow it down, lay it down to rest, or make it give way, and of a day, to lean toward evening

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

One picture sits under every use of this verb: something upright is tipped to an angle. A head drops toward the chest. A face goes down toward the ground. A rank of soldiers buckles and turns back. Greek speakers read the sun's arc the same way, so they could say that the day itself was tilting.

Because the image is physical rather than technical, one Greek verb covers actions that English keeps apart:

  • a head bowed at the moment of death, in John 19:30
  • faces pushed down toward the ground in fear, in Luke 24:5
  • a head put down on something to sleep, in Matthew 8:20
  • an enemy line bent back and broken, in Hebrews 11:34

The saying about the Son of Man turns on the plainest of these. Foxes and birds have somewhere to put their heads down at night, and Jesus has nowhere. The same gesture returns at the cross, where John writes that Jesus bowed his head and then gave up his spirit, an order readers have long noticed: the posture of someone finishing a day's work rather than someone being overcome. The ordinary noun built on this verb (κλίνη) names the thing you tip yourself onto, a bed.

The time-of-day use works the same way and is easy to miss in English. When Luke says the day had begun to tilt, or that it had already tilted, he is not giving a clock reading. He is describing the sun sliding down the sky, the hour when travelers start looking for shelter and a host presses a guest to stay.

Nuances

1ato bend the head or the face downward
TranslatabilityDirect
Luk 24:5Jhn 19:30
1bto lay the head down to rest, and so to have somewhere to sleep
TranslatabilityDirect
Mat 8:20Luk 9:58
1cof a day: to lean toward evening, to be nearly over
Luk 9:12Luk 24:29
1dto make a line of soldiers give way and turn back
TranslatabilityApproximate
Heb 11:34

What scholars say about klinō

BDAG treats κλίνω as one verb whose transitive and intransitive uses all follow from the physical notion of causing something to lean. Transitively it is used of the head (John 19:30; Matt 8:20 and its parallel Luke 9:58), of the face (Luke 24:5), and of an enemy formation forced to give way (Heb 11:34), the last a military idiom with a long history in classical Greek (LSJ, s.v., II). Intransitively it describes the day inclining toward evening (Luke 9:12; 24:29), a usage attested in the Septuagint (Judg 19:8, 9, where it renders נטה) and, as Moulton and Milligan document, in the non-literary papyri as well, so it is not a Semitism even though the Hebrew idiom runs parallel to it. The cognate noun κλίνη and the compounds ἀνακλίνω, κατακλίνω, and ἐκκλίνω extend the same root without altering its basic force.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. κλίνωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. κλίνωlexicon
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. κλίνωlexicon
  • EDNT, s.v. κλίνωtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of κλίνω

present active subjunctive 3s

κλίνῃ

Mat 8:20, Luk 9:58

aorist active indicative 3p

ἔκλιναν

Heb 11:34

aorist active participle nominative m s

κλίνας

Jhn 19:30

perfect active indicative 3s

κέκλικεν

Luk 24:29

present active infinitive

κλίνειν

Luk 9:12

present active participle genitive f p

κλινουσῶν

Luk 24:5