StrongerBible

kathaireō

καθαιρέω

GreekG2507take down, pull down, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mrk 15:36Mrk 15:46Luk 1:52Luk 12:18Luk 23:53Act 13:19Act 13:29Act 19:272Co 10:4(5)
Compound of
Root family
Word studykath-eye-REH-ohverb

What kathaireō means

to bring something down by force: to take it down from where it stands or hangs, tear it down, or remove someone from a place of power

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its root this verb simply means to bring something down. It joins the idea of downward motion to the ordinary verb for taking or seizing, so the picture is always of something moved from a higher or standing position to a lower one: a body lifted off a cross, a barn leveled to the ground, a ruler pulled off a throne.

From that one picture the New Testament uses spread along a natural line. The most concrete sense is taking a body down from the cross, which is how the Gospels describe Jesus' burial. Aim the same action at a building and it becomes tearing down or demolishing, as when the rich farmer plans to pull down his barns and build bigger ones. Turn it on a nation or a stronghold and it becomes overthrowing or destroying, and Paul borrows this forceful, almost military word for the way the gospel demolishes arguments raised against God.

The last use runs in a different direction: to bring a person down from an exalted place is to depose them. Mary's song celebrates a God who has brought down the powerful from their thrones, and the silversmiths at Ephesus fear their goddess will be stripped of her greatness.

A near-synonym, καταλύω, overlaps the demolish sense, but it pictures a structure being loosened and dissolved until it collapses, while this verb keeps the picture of taking something down from where it stood.

Nuances

1ato take a body down (from a cross)
Mrk 15:36Mrk 15:46Luk 23:53Act 13:29
1bto tear down or demolish; to destroy something built up or established
Luk 12:18Act 13:192Co 10:4(5)
1cto bring a person down from a position of power or majesty; to depose
Luk 1:52Act 19:27

What scholars say about kathaireō

καθαιρέω is a compound of κατά ("down") and αἱρέω ("take, seize"), yielding the transparent sense "take down." BDAG groups its New Testament uses under taking a body down from a cross, tearing down or destroying structures and powers, and removing a person from an exalted position (dethroning). LSJ documents the same spread in classical and Hellenistic Greek, including the political sense "depose." Moulton and Milligan record its use for demolishing buildings and removing officials in the documentary papyri. There is no lexical dispute about the verb's meaning.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. καθαιρέωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. καθαιρέωlexicon
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. καθαιρέωlexicon

All attested forms of καθαιρέω

second-aorist active participle nominative m s

καθελὼν

Mrk 15:46, Luk 23:53, Act 13:19

present active participle nominative m p

καθαιροῦντες

2Co 10:4

present passive infinitive

καθαιρεῖσθαι

Act 19:27

second-aorist active indicative 3s

καθεῖλεν

Luk 1:52

second-aorist active infinitive

καθελεῖν

Mrk 15:36

second-aorist active participle nominative m p

καθελόντες

Act 13:29

second-future active indicative 1s

καθελῶ

Luk 12:18