StrongerBible

ergatēs

ἐργάτης

GreekG2040laborer, worker, ...

Appears 16 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 9:37Mat 9:38Mat 10:10Mat 20:1Mat 20:2Mat 20:8Luk 10:2 (2×)Luk 10:7Luk 13:27Act 19:252Co 11:13Php 3:21Ti 5:182Ti 2:15Jas 5:4
Root family
Word studyer-GAH-tacenoun

What ergatēs means

a worker: the person who does the labor of a task, whether hired for a field or shop or, by extension, laboring in God's service

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

At its root the word names anyone who does the physical work of a job: the day laborer hired for the vineyard, the field hand who brings in the harvest, the silversmith at his bench. By itself it says nothing about status or wages. It simply marks the person as the one doing the work. It overlaps with the hired hand (μισθωτός), but that word stresses being paid while this one stresses the doing.

The New Testament repeatedly lifts this everyday word into a picture of gospel work. Jesus calls the crowds a ripe harvest and the ministers who gather them "workers," too few for the field (Matthew 9:37-38). The same image becomes a working rule: "the worker deserves his wages," meaning those who labor at teaching should be supported. A minister who handles Scripture well is "a worker who has no need to be ashamed." It sits close to the servant or minister (διάκονος), but that word frames the role as service while this one frames it as labor.

Because the word is a compliment, the writers can also turn it against people. Paul brands rival missionaries "deceitful workers" and "evil workers," men who labor hard at spreading a false message. And in one place it slides toward an old scriptural phrase, "workers of iniquity," where the thing being worked at is wrongdoing itself rather than a trade.

Nuances

1aa hired laborer: someone doing manual work, such as a field hand, a harvester, or a craftsman
Mat 20:1Mat 20:2Mat 20:8Act 19:25Jas 5:4
1ba worker in God's service: a minister or missionary pictured as a laborer bringing in God's harvest
Mat 9:37Mat 9:38Mat 10:10Luk 10:2 (2×)Luk 10:71Ti 5:182Ti 2:15
1ca false worker: someone who labors at spreading error, used pointedly against rival missionaries
2Co 11:13Php 3:2
1da doer of something: one whose work is a deed rather than a trade, as in the phrase "workers of iniquity"
Luk 13:27

What scholars say about ergatēs

BDAG distinguishes two uses of ἐργάτης: workman/laborer (literal agricultural and artisanal labor, Mt 20:1-8; Ac 19:25; Jas 5:4; figuratively of Christian workers, 2 Cor 11:13; 2 Ti 2:15), and, with a genitive object, "doer" (ἐργάται ἀδικίας, Lk 13:27). The harvest saying (Mt 9:37-38 // Lk 10:2) belongs to the double-tradition (Q) material and supplies the dominant NT metaphor of mission as harvest labor; the wage maxim "the worker deserves his wages" (Lk 10:7; 1 Ti 5:18) grounds ministerial support and is cited as authoritative Scripture in the Pastorals. Bertram (TDNT, s.v. ἔργον κτλ.) traces the ἔργον/ἐργάζομαι/ἐργάτης group and its Septuagint background, including the recurring Psalter phrase פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן ("workers of iniquity") echoed in Lk 13:27. The lexica agree on the sense; there is no material dispute about what the word denotes.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἐργάτηςlexicon
  • G. Bertram, "ἔργον κτλ.," TDNT 2:635-655theological dictionary
  • EDNT, s.v. ἐργάτηςtheological dictionary

All attested forms of ἐργάτης

accusative m p

ἐργάτας

Mat 9:38, Mat 20:1, Mat 20:8, Luk 10:2, Act 19:25, Php 3:2

nominative m p

ἐργάται

Mat 9:37, Luk 10:2, Luk 13:27, 2Co 11:13

nominative m s

ἐργάτης

Mat 10:10, Luk 10:7, 1Ti 5:18

genitive m p

ἐργατῶν

Mat 20:2, Jas 5:4

accusative m s

ἐργάτην

2Ti 2:15