StrongerBible

epitithēmi

ἐπιτίθημι

GreekG2007lay on, put on, ...

Appears 39 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 9:18Mat 19:13Mat 19:15Mat 21:7Mat 23:4Mat 27:29Mat 27:37Mrk 3:16Mrk 3:17Mrk 5:23Mrk 6:5Mrk 7:32Mrk 8:23Mrk 8:25Mrk 16:18Luk 4:40Luk 10:30Luk 13:13Luk 15:5Luk 23:26Jhn 9:15Jhn 19:2Act 6:6Act 8:17Act 8:19Act 9:12Act 9:17Act 13:3Act 15:10Act 15:28Act 16:23Act 18:10Act 19:6Act 28:3Act 28:8Act 28:101Ti 5:22Rev 22:18 (2×)
Compound of
Root family
Word studyep-ee-TITH-ay-meeverb

What epitithēmi means

to put or set one thing on top of another, whether a hand, an object, a burden, or a blow

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this verb does one simple thing: it places something onto someone or something else. The same plain action covers a wide spread of scenes in the New Testament, and the differences are differences of what gets placed and on whom, not differences in the word itself.

The most common scene by far is laying hands on a person. Jesus does it to bless children, to heal the sick, and to restore sight; the early church does it to set people apart for service and to pray for the gift of the Spirit. The same verb then handles ordinary placing: clothes thrown over a donkey, a crown of thorns pressed onto a head, a rescued sheep hoisted onto the shoulders, a cross loaded onto a bystander, sticks dropped onto a fire.

From there it stretches in natural directions. To set a heavy load on someone's shoulders becomes imposing a burden or a rule. To put blows on a person becomes beating or wounding them. To put a name on someone is to give them that name. And in a few places where the subject acts in its own interest, it shades into adding something on, attacking, or providing supplies. These are the same gesture pointed in different directions, which is why one word carries them all.

Nuances

1ato lay hands on a person, the gesture of blessing, healing, commissioning, or praying for the Spirit
Mat 9:18Mat 19:13Mat 19:15Mrk 5:23Mrk 6:5Mrk 7:32Mrk 8:23Mrk 8:25Mrk 16:18Luk 4:40Luk 13:13Act 6:6
1bto set a physical object on or onto something
Mat 21:7Mat 27:29Mat 27:37Luk 15:5Luk 23:26Jhn 9:15Jhn 19:2Act 28:3
1cto lay a burden, yoke, or requirement on someone: to impose
Mat 23:4Act 15:10Act 15:28
1dto put blows or punishment on a person: to inflict
Luk 10:30Act 16:23Rev 22:18 (2×)
1eto put a name on someone: to give or assign a name
Mrk 3:16Mrk 3:17
1fto add something onto what is already there
Rev 22:18 (2×)
1gto set upon someone to do them harm: to attack
Act 18:10
1hto put supplies on board or at hand for someone: to provide, furnish
Act 28:10

What scholars say about epitithēmi

The verb is the compound of the preposition epi ("upon") with tithemi ("to put, place"), and the lexica agree on its concrete core, "to lay or place upon." BDAG organizes the New Testament uses under this one head with contextual subdivisions: the very common idiom of laying on hands (with the further nuances of blessing, healing, commissioning, and conferring the Spirit), placing objects, imposing burdens or names, and, in the middle voice, attacking or providing. The active-voice transfer of placing a load onto someone yields the figurative "impose," and placing blows onto a person yields "inflict." The middle voice in Acts 18:10 ("set upon to harm") and Acts 28:10 ("put on board, provide") reflects the subject acting in its own interest, a standard function of that voice and not a separate root.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἐπιτίθημιlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, s.v. ἐπιτίθημιlexicon
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. ἐπιτίθημιlexicon

All attested forms of ἐπιτίθημι

second-aorist active indicative 3p

ἐπέθηκαν

Mat 21:7, Mat 27:29, Mat 27:37, Luk 23:26, Jhn 19:2, Act 6:6

second-aorist active participle nominative m s

ἐπιθεὶς

Mat 19:15, Mrk 6:5, Mrk 8:23, Act 9:17, Act 28:8

second-aorist active indicative 3s

ἐπέθηκεν

Mrk 3:16, Mrk 3:17, Mrk 8:25, Luk 13:13

second-aorist active participle nominative m p

ἐπιθέντες

Luk 10:30, Act 13:3, Act 16:23

second-aorist active subjunctive 3s

ἐπιθῇ

Mat 19:13, Mrk 7:32, Rev 22:18

second-aorist active participle genitive m s

ἐπιθέντος

Act 19:6, Act 28:3

aorist active indicative 3s

ἐπέθηκέν

Jhn 9:15

future active indicative 3p

ἐπιθήσουσιν

Mrk 16:18

future active indicative 3s

ἐπιθήσει

Rev 22:18

future middle indicative 3s

ἐπιθήσεταί

Act 18:10

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἐπετίθεσαν

Act 8:17

present active imperative 2s

ἐπιτίθει

1Ti 5:22

present active indicative 3p

ἐπιτιθέασιν

Mat 23:4

present active indicative 3s

ἐπιτίθησιν

Luk 15:5

present active participle nominative m s

ἐπιτιθεὶς

Luk 4:40

present passive infinitive

ἐπιτίθεσθαι

Act 15:28

second-aorist active imperative 2s

ἐπίθες

Mat 9:18

second-aorist active infinitive

ἐπιθεῖναι

Act 15:10

second-aorist active participle accusative m s

ἐπιθέντα

Act 9:12

second-aorist active subjunctive 1s

ἐπιθῶ

Act 8:19

second-aorist active subjunctive 2s

ἐπιθῇς

Mrk 5:23

second-aorist middle indicative 3p

ἐπέθεντο

Act 28:10