StrongerBible

epiluō

ἐπιλύω

GreekG1956explain, expound, ...

Appears 2 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mrk 4:34Act 19:39
Compound of
Root family
Word studyResearch-gradeep-ee-LOO-ohverb

What epiluō means

to resolve what is unresolved: to make a puzzle plain by explaining it, or to bring a matter to a settled decision

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The verb epilyo begins from a simple picture: to loosen or untie what is bound up. By New Testament times that picture had mostly worn down into two everyday uses. When the thing that is "tangled" is a puzzle, the word means to unravel it by explaining it, to make plain what was obscure. When the thing that is "tangled" is a dispute or a piece of business, the word means to resolve it, to bring it to a settled decision.

Both uses share one idea: taking something unsettled and bringing it to resolution. In Mark's Gospel, Jesus privately "explained everything" to his disciples, unraveling the parables that stayed closed to outsiders. In Acts, the town clerk of Ephesus tells the rioting crowd that any further grievance "will be settled" in the lawful assembly, not by a mob. The same verb serves both scenes because, in Greek, explaining a riddle and settling a quarrel are two ways of loosening a knot.

In the wider Greek world this was the ordinary word for solving riddles, interpreting dreams and oracles, and expounding hard texts. Jewish translators reached for it to describe what Joseph did with Pharaoh's dreams (פתר), making it the technical term for construing a hidden meaning. That background gives the Mark sense its weight: what Jesus does in private is not casual clarification but the authoritative unfolding of revelation that others cannot grasp on their own.

Nuances

1ato make something puzzling plain: to expound or unravel a parable or riddle
TranslatabilityDirect
Mrk 4:34
1bto bring a matter to a settled decision: to resolve or adjudicate a dispute
TranslatabilityDirect
Act 19:39

What scholars say about epiluō

The lexica converge on a stratified range for epilyo, all flowing from the literal sense "to loose upon, unloose" (epi + lyo): a financial "discharge" in the Ptolemaic papyri, a civic "settle, adjudicate," and the metaphorical "solve, explain, interpret" of riddles, dreams, oracles, and obscure texts. BDAG assigns Mark 4:34 to the "explain, interpret" sense; Louw and Nida place it under 33.140 ("explain what is obscure") and Acts 19:39 under 56.23 ("settle" a legal matter). Moulton and Milligan document the papyri as the closest parallels, and Aquila's rendering of Hebrew pithron ("interpretation") at Genesis 40:8 and 41:8 shows the verb had become the technical Hellenistic Jewish term for construing revelatory material, the same register underlying Mark 4:34. The much-debated cognate noun epilysis at 2 Peter 1:20 does not bear on the verb's two undisputed occurrences.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἐπιλύωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἐπιλύωlexicon
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, 33.140; 56.23lexicon
  • Moulton & Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. ἐπιλύωlexicon
  • F. Büchsel, "λύω κτλ.," TDNT 4.328-337theological-dictionary
  • C. E. B. Cranfield, The Gospel According to Saint Mark (CGTC, 1959), 172commentary

All attested forms of ἐπιλύω

future passive indicative 3s

ἐπιλυθήσεται

Act 19:39

imperfect active indicative 3s

ἐπέλυεν

Mrk 4:34