StrongerBible

dendron

δένδρον

GreekG1186tree

Appears 25 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:10 (2×)Mat 7:17 (2×)Mat 7:18 (2×)Mat 7:19Mat 12:33 (3×)Mat 13:32Mat 21:8Mrk 8:24Luk 3:9 (2×)Luk 6:43 (2×)Luk 6:44Luk 13:19Luk 21:29Jud 1:12Rev 7:1Rev 7:3Rev 8:7Rev 9:4
Word studyDEN-dronnoun

What dendron means

a tree: a large woody plant with a trunk, branches, and often fruit

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Greek word for a tree, a living plant large enough to bear fruit, cast shade, or shelter birds. It always points to a real tree, never to cut wood or timber (that is a different Greek word).

Much of its use in the Gospels comes inside a word picture. Jesus repeatedly holds up a tree and its fruit as an image of a person and that person's life: a good tree produces good fruit and a bad tree bad fruit, so a tree is known by what it yields. John the Baptist warns that the axe is already laid to the root of the trees, meaning that people who bear no good fruit face judgment. In each case the word itself still means a literal tree; the comparison to a person is carried by the sentence around it, not by any second meaning of the word.

Elsewhere it simply names trees in the world: the tiny mustard seed grows into a tree where birds nest, crowds cut branches from trees to spread on the road, and in Revelation the trees of the earth are scorched or protected as God's judgments fall. Across every setting the meaning holds steady.

Mat 3:10 (2×)Mat 7:17 (2×)Mat 7:18 (2×)Mat 7:19Mat 12:33 (3×)Mat 13:32Mat 21:8Mrk 8:24Luk 3:9 (2×)Luk 6:43 (2×)Luk 6:44Luk 13:19

What scholars say about dendron

The lexica are unanimous that δένδρον denotes a tree, a woody plant distinguished from ξύλον (cut wood, timber) and from φυτον/φυτεία (a plant or planting generally). BDAG glosses it simply as tree; LSJ documents the same sense across classical and Hellenistic Greek; Louw-Nida place it in the botanical domain of plants. Its figurative deployment in the Synoptic tree-and-fruit sayings is a rhetorical application of the single literal sense, not lexical polysemy.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. δένδρονlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. δένδρονlexicon
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, 3.3lexicon

All attested forms of δένδρον

nominative n s

δένδρον

Mat 3:10, Mat 7:17, Mat 7:17, Mat 7:18, Mat 7:18, Mat 7:19, Mat 12:33, Mat 13:32

accusative n s

δένδρον

Mat 12:33, Mat 12:33, Luk 13:19, Rev 7:1, Rev 9:4

genitive n p

δένδρων

Mat 3:10, Mat 21:8, Luk 3:9, Rev 8:7

accusative n p

δένδρα

Mrk 8:24, Luk 21:29, Rev 7:3

nominative n p

δένδρα

Jud 1:12