StrongerBible

arnion

ἀρνίον

GreekG0721lamb

Appears 31 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Jhn 21:15Rev 5:6Rev 5:8Rev 5:12Rev 5:13Rev 6:1Rev 6:9Rev 6:16Rev 7:9Rev 7:10Rev 7:14Rev 7:17Rev 12:11Rev 13:8Rev 13:11Rev 14:1Rev 14:4 (2×)Rev 14:10Rev 15:3Rev 17:14 (2×)Rev 19:7Rev 19:9Rev 21:22Rev 21:23
Word studyar-NEE-onnoun

What arnion means

a lamb, a young sheep; in the New Testament almost always used as a figure, above all as Revelation's title for the slain and reigning Christ

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

The word names a young sheep, a lamb. It is a softened, affectionate form of the ordinary word for lamb (ἀρήν), so it can carry the sense of a little lamb, though in everyday Greek that gentle nuance had largely worn off and it meant simply a lamb.

Only one New Testament writer uses it, and he uses it almost entirely as a symbol. In Revelation it becomes the book's central name for Jesus: the Lamb who was slain and yet stands alive,

  • worshipped alongside God
  • opening the scroll
  • conquering his enemies
  • shepherding his people

The striking thing is that this gentle, sacrificial image is joined to overwhelming power and majesty, so the same figure who was killed is the one who reigns.

Twice the word steps outside that title. Once it describes a counterfeit: a beast that looks like a lamb but speaks like a dragon, an imitation meant to deceive. Once, in the Gospel of John, it is plural and ordinary, the lambs of the flock that Jesus entrusts to Peter's care.

Nuances

1athe Lamb: a title for Jesus Christ as the one who was sacrificed and now stands alive, worshipped, and reigning
Rev 5:6Rev 5:8Rev 5:12Rev 5:13Rev 6:1Rev 6:9Rev 6:16Rev 7:9Rev 7:10Rev 7:14Rev 7:17Rev 12:11
1blamb-like in appearance: the outward look of a lamb worn as a disguise
Rev 13:11
1clambs: the young of the flock, used for Christ's followers entrusted to a shepherd's care
Jhn 21:15

What scholars say about arnion

The lexica (BDAG, LSJ) give the sense as lamb, a young sheep. Morphologically it is a diminutive of aren (the older word for lamb), so it can mean little lamb, but the diminutive force is generally reckoned to have faded in Koine, and BDAG treats it as equivalent to lamb without special emphasis on smallness. The word is confined in the New Testament to John: once in the Gospel (John 21:15, plural, of the flock) and twenty-eight times in Revelation, where it is the dominant title for Christ. Revelation's consistent choice of arnion over amnos (the term used in John 1:29, 36; Acts 8:32; 1 Peter 1:19) is much discussed: Joachim Jeremias (TDNT, s.v. amnos, aren, arnion) surveys the terms, and commentators debate the imagery's background, variously tracing it to the Passover lamb, the suffering servant lamb of Isaiah 53, the daily temple offering, and the conquering or leader lamb of some Jewish apocalyptic tradition. G. K. Beale (The Book of Revelation, NIGTC) emphasizes the paradox of a slain lamb who conquers. These are debates about the image's roots and force, not about the plain lexical sense, which is not in doubt.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. ἀρνίονlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. ἀρνίονlexicon
  • J. Jeremias, TDNT 1, s.v. ἀμνός, ἀρήν, ἀρνίονdictionary
  • G. K. Beale, The Book of Revelation (NIGTC)commentary

All attested forms of ἀρνίον

genitive n s

ἀρνίου

Rev 5:8, Rev 6:9, Rev 6:16, Rev 7:9, Rev 7:14, Rev 12:11, Rev 13:8, Rev 14:10

nominative n s

ἀρνίον

Rev 5:6, Rev 5:12, Rev 6:1, Rev 7:17, Rev 14:1, Rev 17:14, Rev 21:22, Rev 21:23

dative n s

ἀρνίῳ

Rev 5:13, Rev 7:10, Rev 13:11, Rev 14:4, Rev 14:4

accusative n p

ἀρνία

Jhn 21:15