StrongerBible

alēthinos

ἀληθινός

GreekG0228true, real, ...

Appears 28 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Luk 16:11Jhn 1:9Jhn 4:23Jhn 4:37Jhn 6:32Jhn 7:28Jhn 8:16Jhn 15:1Jhn 17:3Jhn 19:351Th 1:9Heb 8:2Heb 9:24Heb 10:221Jn 2:81Jn 5:20 (3×)Rev 3:7Rev 3:14Rev 6:10Rev 15:3Rev 16:7Rev 19:2Rev 19:9Rev 19:11Rev 21:5Rev 22:6
Root family
Word studyah-lay-thee-NOSSadjective

What alēthinos means

genuine, real: the authentic thing that fully lives up to what it claims to be, as opposed to a copy, a counterfeit, or an empty appearance

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

Greek had two close words that English usually flattens into one word, "true." One of them (alethes, Strong's G0227) means truthful, not lying, the opposite of a falsehood. This word, alethinos, means genuine or real, the opposite of what is fake, borrowed, or only a shadow of the real thing. Because English leans on the single word "true" for both, the special force of this one is easy to miss.

In John's Gospel this is the word for the real thing standing behind its copies. The true light is the light every other light only hinted at; the true vine, the true bread, and the true worshippers are the genuine reality that the older symbols pointed toward. When Jesus calls the Father the only true God, he means the real God as opposed to the idols people mistake for gods.

Because what is genuine also proves dependable, the word stretches to cover words and verdicts that hold true. In Revelation, God and Christ are called "faithful and true," and God's judgments are "true and just," meaning they are reliable and will genuinely come to pass rather than being empty claims.

Nuances

1athe real or original thing, as opposed to a shadow, a copy, an imitation, or a counterfeit
TranslatabilityApproximate
Luk 16:11Jhn 1:9Jhn 4:23Jhn 6:32Jhn 7:28Jhn 15:1Jhn 17:31Th 1:9Heb 8:2Heb 9:24Heb 10:221Jn 2:8
1bdependable and reliable: words, verdicts, or a person that prove trustworthy and hold true
Jhn 4:37Jhn 8:16Jhn 19:35Rev 3:7Rev 3:14Rev 6:10Rev 15:3Rev 16:7Rev 19:2Rev 19:9Rev 19:11Rev 21:5

What scholars say about alēthinos

The lexica (BDAG, s.v.) treat ἀληθινός as "genuine, real, authentic" (opposed to what is counterfeit or merely apparent) and, applied to statements and persons, "dependable, trustworthy." The classic synonym discussion is Trench, who distinguishes ἀληθινός (real, genuine, as opposed to the fictitious and shadowy) from ἀληθής (truthful, as opposed to lying); Bultmann's TDNT article on the ἀλήθεια word group frames the Johannine usage as the divine reality over against the apparent. Some interpreters caution that John does not always press the ἀληθής/ἀληθινός distinction as sharply as Trench does, but the core sense is not in doubt.

Sources

  • BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, Gingrich), A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed., s.v. ἀληθινόςlexicon
  • R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, §viii (ἀληθής, ἀληθινός)monograph
  • R. Bultmann, "ἀληθινός," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G. Kittel, vol. 1, pp. 249-251theological-dictionary

All attested forms of ἀληθινός

nominative m s

ἀληθινός, ἀληθινὸς

Jhn 4:37, Rev 3:7, Rev 3:14, Rev 19:11, Jhn 7:28, 1Jn 5:20

nominative m p

ἀληθινοί, ἀληθινοὶ

Rev 21:5, Rev 22:6, Jhn 4:23, Rev 19:9

accusative m s

ἀληθινόν, ἀληθινὸν

Jhn 6:32, 1Jn 5:20, Jhn 17:3

nominative f p

ἀληθιναὶ

Rev 15:3, Rev 16:7, Rev 19:2

nominative f s

ἀληθινή, ἀληθινὴ

Jhn 8:16, Jhn 15:1, Jhn 19:35

dative m s

ἀληθινῷ

1Th 1:9, 1Jn 5:20

genitive f s

ἀληθινῆς

Heb 8:2, Heb 10:22

nominative n s

ἀληθινὸν

Jhn 1:9, 1Jn 2:8

accusative n s

ἀληθινὸν

Luk 16:11

genitive n p

ἀληθινῶν

Heb 9:24

vocative m s

ἀληθινός

Rev 6:10