StrongerBible

tenukh

תְּנוּךְ

HebrewH8571lobe, tip, ...

Appears 8 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 29:20 (2×)Lev 8:23Lev 8:24Lev 14:14Lev 14:17Lev 14:25Lev 14:28
Root family
Word studyteh-NOOKHnoun

What tenukh means

the lobe of the ear: the small piece at the outer edge of the ear, not the ear as a whole

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word never stands on its own. All eight times it appears, it is joined to the word for ear (אֹזֶן) and to the word for "right," so the full phrase is always "the lobe of the right ear." It picks out one small piece of the body rather than the ear as a whole, and it belongs to a set of three places a priest touched with blood or oil:

  • the lobe of the right ear
  • the thumb of the right hand
  • the big toe of the right foot

The second and third of those are named with a different word (בֹּהֶן), which covers both the thumb and the big toe.

Two ceremonies use this word, and they mirror each other. When Aaron and his sons were installed as priests, Moses put blood from a ram on those three points (Exodus 29:20; Leviticus 8:23; Leviticus 8:24). When a person who had recovered from a serious skin disease was brought back into the community, the priest put blood on the same three points and then oil on top of it (Leviticus 14:14; Leviticus 14:17; Leviticus 14:25; Leviticus 14:28). The healed person is handled with the very gestures that set a priest apart.

Because the word turns up nowhere else, it has no everyday or figurative life in the Bible. It is a plain body-part term that survives only because a ceremony needed to say exactly where the blood and the oil went. Whatever wider significance readers find in the moment belongs to the ceremony and to the body parts it singles out, not to this word by itself.

Exo 29:20 (2×)Lev 8:23Lev 8:24Lev 14:14Lev 14:17Lev 14:25Lev 14:28

What scholars say about tenukh

The standard lexica treat תְּנוּךְ as a rare anatomical noun for part of the outer ear, attested only in the bound phrase תְּנוּךְ אֹזֶן and only in two priestly rites: the ordination of Aaron and his sons (Exodus 29:20; Leviticus 8:23, 24) and the purification of the person healed of a skin affliction (Leviticus 14:14, 17, 25, 28). HALOT and DCH gloss it "ear-lobe"; BDB gives "tip, lobe," preserving the older latitude also visible in the ancient versions, where the Septuagint uses the Greek word for a lobe and the Vulgate speaks of the extremity of the ear. Its derivation is uncertain: no secure cognate has settled the matter, and the sense rests on the ritual context rather than on etymology. The word is always in the bound form before אֹזֶן, and the feminine adjective for "right" agrees with אֹזֶן rather than with תְּנוּךְ. Commentators (Milgrom, Levine, Wenham) read the three daubing points as the body's extremities standing for the whole person, so that the application at ear, thumb, and big toe consecrates or purifies the individual entire; the deliberate correspondence between the ordination rite and the purification of the healed person is widely noted, the latter treating the restored Israelite with the gestures otherwise reserved for a priest.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. תְּנוּךְlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. תְּנוּךְlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. תְּנוּךְlexicon
  • Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 (Anchor Bible 3; New York: Doubleday, 1991)commentary
  • Baruch A. Levine, Leviticus (JPS Torah Commentary; Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1989)commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, The Book of Leviticus (NICOT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979)commentary

All attested forms of תְּנוּךְ

m s construct

תְּנוּךְ

Exo 29:20, Exo 29:20, Lev 8:23, Lev 8:24, Lev 14:14, Lev 14:17, Lev 14:25, Lev 14:28