StrongerBible

shashu'a

שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

HebrewH8191delight, pleasant, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 119:24Psa 119:77Psa 119:92Psa 119:143Psa 119:174Pro 8:30Pro 8:31Isa 5:7Jer 31:20
Root family
Word studyshah-ah-shoo-EEMnoun

What shashu'a means

delight: the fond, repeated pleasure someone takes in a person or thing, and the cherished person or thing itself

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word is always plural in shape, and the plural is not counting. It heaps the idea up, closer to "sheer delight" than to a list of delights. It comes from a verb at home with small children (שָׁעַע), the verb used of a baby being petted and of a child amusing itself, and the noun keeps that warmth. It is fondness, not solemn satisfaction.

It points in two directions, and the difference is worth catching. Usually it names what a person treasures: five times in Psalm 119 the writer says God's instruction is his delight, and he says it under pressure, with trouble and anguish closing in (Psalm 119:143). But the word can also be turned toward the one who is loved. Ephraim is called a child of delight in Jeremiah 31:20, which is Hebrew for a darling, and Judah is the planting God doted on in Isaiah 5:7.

The two uses meet in Proverbs 8, where Wisdom is God's delight day after day and the human race is hers. They are less separate than they look, because Hebrew often names a thing by the pleasure it gives. To say "you are my delight" is at once a report about my heart and a title for you.

Hebrew keeps several words in this area apart, and they are not interchangeable:

  • Loud, public gladness, the kind a feast or a homecoming produces, is a different word (שִׂמְחָה).
  • Pleasure in getting what one wants, or in what one has resolved to do, is a different word again (חֵפֶץ).
  • The soft pleasure of comfort and fine living has its own word too (עֹנֶג).

This one is the affectionate member of that group: the pleasure of doting on someone.

Nuances

1awhat someone treasures: the person or thing a heart keeps returning to for pleasure
TranslatabilityDirect
Psa 119:24Psa 119:77Psa 119:92Psa 119:143Psa 119:174Pro 8:31
1bthe cherished one: a person or thing spoken of as somebody's delight, meaning dearly loved
Pro 8:30Isa 5:7Jer 31:20

What scholars say about shashu'a

The noun occurs nine times and always in the plural, which BDB, HALOT and DCH read as intensive rather than numerical. It is built on שׁעע II, the root of the verb for sporting, fondling and taking delight, which recurs in the same psalm (Psalm 119:16, 47, 70). The lexica distinguish two functions. In one the noun names the delight felt, with a pronominal suffix identifying the one who delights: the five occurrences in Psalm 119, where the object is torah vocabulary (עדות, תורה, מצות), and Proverbs 8:31, where Wisdom's delight is directed toward humankind. In the other the noun stands in a bound phrase and characterizes its head noun as the object of someone's delight: נטע שעשועיו at Isaiah 5:7 and ילד שעשעים at Jeremiah 31:20. Six of the nine occurrences carry a suffix. Proverbs 8:30 is the one genuinely contested instance: the noun there has no suffix, so the clause reads either as Wisdom being the daily object of divine delight, the construal behind most English versions, or as Wisdom herself being filled with delight, the construal behind NIV and reflected in the Latin tradition. Michael Fox treats the verse at length in the Anchor Yale commentary on Proverbs 1-9, though the harder crux in that line is the preceding word, not this noun. At Isaiah 5:7 the term sits inside the closing sound-play of the vineyard song (משפט/משפח, צדקה/צעקה), where the tenderness of the phrase sharpens the reversal. No lexicon posits a homonym for this noun, and its semantic range is not in dispute.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. שַׁעֲשֻׁעִיםlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. שַׁעֲשֻׁעִיםlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שַׁעֲשֻׁעִיםlexicon
  • NIDOTTE, s.v. שׁעעtheological-dictionary
  • Michael V. Fox, Proverbs 1-9, Anchor Yale Bible 18A (Doubleday, 2000)commentary
  • Leslie C. Allen, Psalms 101-150, Word Biblical Commentary 21, rev. ed. (Nelson, 2002)commentary
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39, Anchor Yale Bible 19 (Doubleday, 2000)commentary

All attested forms of שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

m p construct

שַׁעֲשֻׁעָי, שַׁעֲשֻׁעַי

Psa 119:24, Psa 119:77, Psa 119:92, Psa 119:143, Psa 119:174, Pro 8:31

m p absolute

שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

Pro 8:30, Jer 31:20

m p construct

שַׁעֲשׁוּעָיו

Isa 5:7