Solomon: the son of David and Bathsheba who succeeded David as king of Israel, built the temple in Jerusalem, and became a byword for wisdom.
Solomon is a person, not a common word, so the name points to one man: David's son by Bathsheba, the king who reigned after David, built the first temple, and was remembered above all for his God-given wisdom. Nearly every occurrence sits in the stretch of Israel's story that runs from his birth through his rise to the throne, his reign, and his death.
The name is built from the same root as the Hebrew word for "peace" or "wholeness" (שָׁלוֹם), and the story ties the two together on purpose. David was a man of war who was told he could not build the temple because of the blood he had shed; his son would be a man of rest, and it is that peaceable son who builds the house of God. The name reads like a quiet claim about the kind of reign to come.
There is a second name in the account. When the child is born, the prophet Nathan brings word that the LORD loves him and calls him Jedidiah (יְדִידְיָה), "beloved of the LORD" (2 Samuel 12:25). Solomon is the name he is known by; Jedidiah is the name that marks him as favored from birth.
In the New Testament the same figure appears under the Greek form of his name, in Jesus' family line, in the saying that not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like the wild flowers, and in Jesus' claim that "something greater than Solomon is here."