StrongerBible

si'aḥ

שִׂיחַ

HebrewH7880bush, shrub

Appears 4 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 2:5Gen 21:15Job 30:4Job 30:7
Root family
Word studyResearch-gradeSEE-akhnoun

What si'aḥ means

a wild shrub or bush, a low woody plant of the untended countryside

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintyStrong

This word names an ordinary piece of scenery: a shrub or bush growing wild, the kind of low woody plant that comes up on its own in open or neglected ground rather than being planted and tended. Genesis 2:5 uses it for exactly that contrast, picturing a world so young that no bush of the field had yet sprung up, because no rain had fallen and no one was there to work the ground. The same plain, physical sense carries through every other appearance: Hagar leaves her dying son under one of these bushes in the wilderness (Genesis 21:15), and Job pictures outcasts so destitute that they forage among such bushes for food and huddle under them for shelter (Job 30:4, 7).

Comparative evidence from related ancient languages, especially Akkadian and Syriac, points to a specific kind of shrub behind the general English word "bush," something like wormwood or a similar hardy desert plant, though the Hebrew text itself never pins down an exact species. What the four passages share is not botany but setting: every one of them is wilderness, wasteland, or a field left uncultivated. The bush marks a place at the edge of, or outside, human care and cultivation.

The word looks and sounds identical to a much more common Hebrew word for pouring out troubled thoughts in speech, the root behind שׂיח "to voice what fills the heart" and its noun שׂיח "complaint, troubled musing." That identical spelling is a coincidence, not a family relationship: nothing in how this plant word is used connects it to speaking, complaining, or meditating, and the two are treated by modern reference works as two unrelated words that happen to be written the same way.

Gen 2:5Gen 21:15Job 30:4Job 30:7

What scholars say about si'aḥ

Modern lexicons (BDB; HALOT; DCH) list this as a separate homonym from the verb/noun family meaning "muse, complain, speak," distinguished by distribution alone: the four occurrences share no vocabulary or context with the speech-related word. The cognate evidence for the plant sense is comparatively strong and specific: Akkadian sihu (CAD S; AHw 1041) names Artemisia (wormwood); Syriac sihe/shiha and Arabic shih name the same plant family, and the Peshitta renders Genesis 21:15 with the cognate Syriac term. The Encyclopaedia Judaica entry on wormwood treats Job 30:4 as a likely reference to this plant. An older proposal (Gesenius, Handworterbuch, and later Klein's Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary) tried to unite the plant and speech senses under one primitive root meaning "to put forth," on the analogy of a plant putting forth shoots and a mouth putting forth words, but this has not been followed by any major reference work of the last several decades; the two-root analysis is now the settled position.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שִׂיחַlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שִׂיחַlexicon
  • Clines, Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, vol. 8, s.v. שיחlexicon

All attested forms of שִׂיחַ

m p absolute

שִׂיחִים, שִּׂיחִם

Job 30:7, Gen 21:15

m s absolute

שִׂיחַ

Job 30:4

m s construct

שִׂיחַ

Gen 2:5