StrongerBible

shava

שָׁוַע

HebrewH7768cry, cry out, ...

Appears 21 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 19:7Job 24:12Job 29:12Job 30:20Job 30:28Job 35:9Job 36:13Job 38:41Psa 18:6(7)Psa 18:41(42)Psa 22:24(25)Psa 28:2Psa 30:2(3)Psa 31:22(23)Psa 72:12Psa 88:13(14)Psa 119:147Isa 58:9Lam 3:8Jon 2:2(3)Hab 1:2
Root family
Word studyshah-VAHverb

What shava means

to cry out for help: to call aloud and urgently to be rescued from trouble

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the voice of someone in serious trouble calling out to be saved. It is not a quiet request or ordinary weeping but a loud, urgent appeal for rescue, and it belongs almost entirely to poetry: the book of Job, the Psalms, and a few prophets. The word names the cry itself, the act of raising one's voice for help, whatever the outcome.

Most often the cry goes up to God, and the Psalms tie it directly to being heard and rescued: the writer cries out and God answers or delivers (Psalm 18:6; 30:2; Jonah 2:2; Psalm 119:147). But the same word also describes the cry of the wounded, the oppressed, and the wronged whose appeal seems to meet only silence. This is central to Job's protest: he cries out and is not answered (Job 19:7; 30:20), and he indicts a world where the abused cry for help and God appears to charge no one with wrong (Job 24:12).

It sits among the Hebrew verbs for crying out and often stands right beside them. In Job 19:7 it runs parallel to the more common verb for crying out (צָעַק), and it keeps close company with the outcry word (זָעַק). The related noun (שַׁוְעָה) is the cry itself as a thing, where this word is the act of crying.

Job 19:7Job 24:12Job 29:12Job 30:20Job 30:28Job 35:9Job 36:13Job 38:41Psa 18:6(7)Psa 18:41(42)Psa 22:24(25)Psa 28:2

What scholars say about shava

The lexica are agreed that this verb (attested only in the intensive stem) means to cry out for help, an urgent vocal appeal for deliverance from distress or oppression. HALOT and BDB give the gloss "cry out for help" / "cry for aid," and it is a parade example of the semantic field of appeal-cries alongside the far more frequent verbs from the roots z-ʿ-q and ṣ-ʿ-q, with which it frequently stands in poetic parallel (Job 19:7). TWOT (§2348) and the standard treatments note its heavy concentration in Job and the Psalms and its cognate noun. Its sense is stable; the only real point of discussion is the relation of this cry-verb to the unrelated homographs meaning "be rich/noble," a matter of etymology rather than of what this verb denotes.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. שׁוע IIlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. שׁועlexicon
  • TWOT §2348 שׁועlexicon

All attested forms of שָׁוַע

piel imperfect 1cs

אֲשַׁוֵּעַ, אֲשַׁוַּע

Job 30:28, Psa 18:6, Job 19:7, Job 30:20

piel imperfect 3mp

יְשַׁוְּעוּ, יְשַׁוֵּעוּ

Job 35:9, Job 36:13, Psa 18:41, Job 38:41

piel perfect 1cs

שִׁוַּעְתִּי

Psa 30:2, Psa 88:13, Jon 2:2, Hab 1:2

piel infinitive-construct construct

שַׁוְּעִ, שַׁוְּע

Psa 28:2, Psa 31:22, Psa 22:24

piel participle m s absolute

מְשַׁוֵּעַ

Job 29:12, Psa 72:12

piel conjunctive-imperfect 1cs

וַאֲשַׁוֵּעַ

Lam 3:8

piel consecutive-imperfect 1cs

וָאֲשַׁוֵּעָ

Psa 119:147

piel imperfect 2ms

תְּשַׁוַּע

Isa 58:9

piel imperfect 3fs

תְּשַׁוֵּעַ

Job 24:12