StrongerBible

sha'ag

שָׁאַג

HebrewH7580roar, cry out, ...

Appears 20 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Jdg 14:5Job 37:4Psa 22:13(14)Psa 38:8(9)Psa 74:4Psa 104:21Isa 5:29Jer 2:15Jer 25:30 (3×)Jer 51:38Ezk 22:25Hos 11:10 (2×)Jol 3:16(4:16)Amo 1:2Amo 3:4Amo 3:8Zep 3:3
Root family
Word studyshaw-AHGverb

What sha'ag means

to roar: to let out the deep, resounding cry of a lion, or a sound like it

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this word is the roar of a lion. It names not just any loud noise but the specific, deep, terrifying cry a lion gives, most often as it closes on its prey. Almost everywhere the word appears, a lion is either the actual subject or the picture behind the sound.

Because a lion's roar means danger and unstoppable power, the prophets use the word for God. When the LORD "roars from Zion," it is the announcement of judgment: a sound that makes the land mourn and people tremble, exactly as prey freezes at a lion's cry (Hosea 11:10 pictures God this way, "he roars like a lion"). The same image turns the other way to picture Israel's enemies and its own corrupt leaders as roaring lions tearing at their victims.

Two uses step outside the lion frame. Once the word describes a person so crushed by pain that his cry is a raw groan rather than ordinary speech, and once it describes triumphant enemies bellowing inside God's own sanctuary. In every case the shared idea is a loud, deep, uncontrollable cry that signals overwhelming force, whether the force is a beast, an army, God, or grief.

Nuances

1athe roar of a lion, whether a real lion or one picturing a predatory enemy or ruler
Jdg 14:5Psa 22:13(14)Psa 104:21Isa 5:29Jer 2:15Jer 51:38Ezk 22:25Amo 3:4Amo 3:8Zep 3:3
1bthe LORD roaring like a lion, a prophetic picture of God sounding out judgment
Job 37:4Jer 25:30 (3×)Hos 11:10 (2×)Jol 3:16(4:16)Amo 1:2
1ca person's cry of anguish: a groan too deep and raw for ordinary words
TranslatabilityApproximate
Psa 38:8(9)
1dthe bellow of triumphant enemies, here inside the place of worship
Psa 74:4

What scholars say about sha'ag

The lexica are unanimous that שָׁאַג denotes the roar of a lion (BDB; HALOT; DCH), and this concrete sense grounds every extended use. The distribution is heavily prophetic and poetic: the lion image supplies both the picture of predatory nations and rulers and, most significantly, the theophanic motif of Yahweh roaring from Zion (Amos 1:2; Joel 3:16; Jer 25:30), on which see TDOT (s.v. שָׁאַג) and the standard treatments of the lion imagery in Amos and Hosea. The cognate noun שְׁאָגָה (H7581) shares the range. Two non-leonine occurrences are regularly noted: the sufferer's cry in Ps 38:8, paired in the same verse with the root נָהַם, and the foes' shout in the sanctuary in Ps 74:4.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שָׁאַגlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שָׁאַגlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שָׁאַגlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. שָׁאַגtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of שָׁאַג

qal imperfect 3ms

יִשְׁאַג, יִשְׁאָג

Job 37:4, Isa 5:29, Jer 25:30, Hos 11:10, Amo 3:4, Jer 25:30, Hos 11:10, Jol 3:16

qal participle m s absolute

שֹׁאֵג, שׁוֹאֵג

Jdg 14:5, Psa 22:13, Ezk 22:25

qal imperfect 3mp

יִשְׁאֲגוּ, יִשְׁאָגוּ

Jer 2:15, Jer 51:38

qal participle m p absolute

שֹׁאֲגִים

Psa 104:21, Zep 3:3

qal infinitive-absolute absolute

שָׁאֹג

Jer 25:30

qal perfect 1cs

שָׁאַגְתִּי

Psa 38:8

qal perfect 3cp

שָׁאֲגוּ

Psa 74:4

qal perfect 3ms

שָׁאָג

Amo 3:8