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עַד

HebrewH5703forever, everlasting, ...

Appears 49 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 15:181Ch 28:9Job 19:24Job 20:4Psa 9:5(6)Psa 9:18(19)Psa 10:16Psa 19:9(10)Psa 21:4(5)Psa 21:6(7)Psa 22:26(27)Psa 37:29Psa 45:6(7)Psa 45:17(18)Psa 48:14(15)Psa 52:8(10)Psa 61:8(9)Psa 83:17(18)Psa 89:29(30)Psa 92:7(8)Psa 104:5Psa 111:3Psa 111:8Psa 119:44Psa 132:12Psa 132:14Psa 145:1Psa 145:2
Names & words formed with this

What ad means

the unending future: time stretching ahead with no stopping point, so most often translated forever

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This little word names time that runs forward and never stops. It points to what lies ahead, the open future with no horizon, which is why English Bibles almost always render it forever or for all time to come. It is closely tied to its more common partner olam, the word for the far horizon of time in either direction, and the two are often stacked together for emphasis in the phrase forever and ever.

Most of the time the word works like an adverb pinned onto a verb: a king reigns forever, a truth stands forever, an enemy is wiped out forever. A favorite poetic form doubles it back on itself, for ever and ever, to press the point that the duration truly has no end.

A smaller group of passages lets the word stand more on its own as a name for endless duration itself, and there it brushes up against the eternity of God. When Isaiah speaks of the One who inhabits eternity, or when a promised child is called Father of eternity, the word is no longer just measuring how long something lasts; it is naming the timeless reality that belongs to God. The two uses are the same word seen from two angles: forever as a stretch of time, and eternity as the realm God owns.

The one caution is not to load the word with a philosopher's idea of timelessness. In its world it means duration that does not quit, time without a finish line, rather than the absence of time altogether.

Nuances

1aforever, perpetually: endless future time, often in the fixed phrases for ever and for ever and ever
Exo 15:18Psa 9:5(6)Psa 19:9(10)Psa 21:4(5)Psa 21:6(7)Psa 37:29Psa 45:17(18)Psa 48:14(15)Psa 52:8(10)Psa 61:8(9)Psa 89:29(30)Psa 104:5
1beternity itself, the endless duration that belongs to God, as when he is said to inhabit eternity or be called Father of eternity
Isa 9:6Isa 57:15

Uncategorized

Awaiting AI sense categorization.

1 verse
Job 20:4

What scholars say about ad

BDB and HALOT treat עז H5703 as a single abstract noun meaning perpetuity, the (unending) future, distinct from the homographic preposition עז (until) and from עז prey/booty and עז witness. It is overwhelmingly adverbial, in לעז (for ever), the reduplicated עדי עז (for ever and ever), and the pairing לעולם ועד alongside עולם H5769. Standard treatments (Jenni's studies on עולם and the temporal lexicon; TDOT and TWOT) stress that the word denotes unending duration oriented to the future rather than philosophical timelessness, and note the substantive uses where the term approaches a name for God's eternity (Isa 57:15 שכן עד, dwelling in eternity; the epithet אביעד in Isa 9:6, Father of eternity). The plural construct עדי in עדי עז is a frozen intensifying form of the same noun, not a separate word.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עז (II)lexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עזlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. עד / עולםdictionary
  • E. Jenni, Das Wort ʻōlām im Alten Testament, ZAW 64–65 (1952–1953)article

All attested forms of עַד

m s absolute

עַד, עֶד

1Ch 28:9, Job 19:24, Job 20:4, Psa 9:18, Psa 19:9, Psa 21:6, Psa 22:26, Psa 37:29

m p construct

עֲדֵי

Psa 83:17, Psa 92:7, Psa 132:12, Psa 132:14