StrongerBible

niḥo'aḥ

נִיחֹחַ

HebrewH5207soothing, sweet, ...

Appears 43 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 8:21Exo 29:18Exo 29:25Exo 29:41Lev 1:9Lev 1:13Lev 1:17Lev 2:2Lev 2:9Lev 2:12Lev 3:5Lev 3:16Lev 4:31Lev 6:15(8)Lev 6:21(14)Lev 8:21Lev 26:31Num 28:2Ezk 20:28
Word studynee-KHO-akhnoun

What niḥo'aḥ means

soothing, pleasing: the quality of a sacrifice that God finds acceptable and welcome.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word almost never travels alone. In all but a handful of its appearances it sits in one fixed expression, a pleasing aroma, describing the smell of an offering rising to God. The picture is warm and personal: the smoke of the sacrifice drifts up, God takes it in, and he is pleased. It is the Bible's way of saying that an offering was accepted, that the worshiper and God are at peace.

The word carries a note of calm or relief. Many scholars connect it to the family of words for rest and settling down, so the sense is not just that the smell is nice but that it settles something between the worshiper and God. That is why English translations often reach for soothing or restful rather than merely sweet.

The same expression turns up in unwelcome settings, and that is part of its meaning, not a separate one. When Israel burns offerings to false gods, the prophets bitterly call those a pleasing aroma too, the worshipers acting as if their idols were delighted. And when God is judging his people, he warns that he will not smell their pleasing aromas anymore: the very phrase that signaled acceptance now signals its withdrawal. In every case the word points to the same thing, an offering meant to please the one who receives it.

Gen 8:21Exo 29:18Exo 29:25Exo 29:41Lev 1:9Lev 1:13Lev 1:17Lev 2:2Lev 2:9Lev 2:12Lev 3:5Lev 3:16

What scholars say about niḥo'aḥ

The lexica gloss H5207 ניחח as soothing or pleasing, occurring overwhelmingly in the stereotyped cultic formula רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, an aroma of soothing, a sacrifice acceptable to God (BDB; HALOT). Most relate it to the root נוח, to rest or settle, yielding the nuance of an appeasing or tranquilizing odor that brings the offering to a settled, accepted state; this is reflected in the Greek Old Testament rendering ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας. The expression is concentrated in the Priestly sacrificial legislation of Leviticus and Numbers and in the flood narrative (Gen 8:21), where it functions as a technical marker of divine acceptance rather than a description of olfactory pleasure. Ezekiel preserves the phrase in polemical and judgment contexts, applying it to illegitimate offerings to idols (Ezek 6:13; 16:19; 20:28) and to God's eventual reacceptance of a restored Israel (20:41), while Lev 26:31 negates the formula as a sign of covenant curse. Discussion centers on the term's derivation and its anthropomorphic force, not on its denotation, which is agreed; see the standard theological dictionaries on the sacrificial vocabulary.

Sources

  • BDB, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. נִיחֹחַlexicon
  • HALOT, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. נִיחֹחַlexicon
  • Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16, Anchor Bible (1991)commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, The Book of Leviticus, NICOT (1979)commentary
  • TWOT, Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, s.v. נוחdictionary

All attested forms of נִיחֹחַ

m s absolute

נִיחֹחַ, נִיחוֹחַ, נִּיחֹחַ

Exo 29:41, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 2:2, Lev 2:9, Lev 2:12, Lev 3:5, Lev 3:16

m p construct

נִיחוֹחֵיהֶם

Ezk 20:28

m s construct

נִיחֹחִי

Num 28:2

m s construct

נִיחֹחֲכֶם

Lev 26:31