StrongerBible

mat

מַת

HebrewH4962men, few, ...

Appears 22 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 34:30Deu 2:34Deu 3:6Deu 4:27Deu 26:5Deu 28:62Deu 33:61Ch 16:19Job 11:3Job 11:11Job 19:19Job 22:15Job 24:12Job 31:31Psa 17:14 (2×)Psa 26:4Psa 105:12Isa 3:25Isa 5:13
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studymahtnoun

What mat means

men, people: an old poetic word for a group of men or people, found almost only in the plural and mostly in set phrases

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This is a rare, old-fashioned word for "men" or "people." It nearly always shows up in the plural, and by the time of the Hebrew Bible it survives mostly in poetry and in a few fixed phrases rather than as an everyday term. The ordinary, everyday word for a man was אִישׁ; this one had a more elevated, archaic ring, closer in feel to the poetic word for frail humanity (אֱנוֹשׁ).

Most often it simply means "people" or "men," and it usually leans on the word that follows it to fill out the picture: "men of falsehood" for liars, "men of my circle" for close friends, "men of my tent" for a household. In a couple of places it narrows to adult males as distinct from women and children, as when a captured town's "men, women, and little ones" are counted together.

Its single most common use is a frozen expression for a small group: "few in number," literally "men of a number," people few enough to be counted, or plainly "few men." Israel remembers itself this way, a mere handful before it grew into a nation, and is warned that disobedience could shrink it back to a countable few.

Nuances

1aadult males, as distinct from the women and children of a population
TranslatabilityDirect
Deu 2:34Deu 3:6
1bmen or people in general, very often in the phrase "men of [something]" that names a group by a shared trait
Job 11:3Job 11:11Job 19:19Job 22:15Job 24:12Job 31:31Psa 17:14 (2×)Psa 26:4Isa 3:25Isa 5:13Isa 41:14
1cthe fixed phrase for a small group: "few in number," people few enough to count, or simply "few men"
TranslatabilityPartial
Gen 34:30Deu 4:27Deu 26:5Deu 28:62Deu 33:61Ch 16:19Psa 105:12Jer 44:28

What scholars say about mat

The standard lexica (BDB; HALOT; DCH) treat this as a single noun meaning "man," attested in the Hebrew Bible only in the plural. It is widely held to be an old, poetic term cognate with Ugaritic mt and Akkadian mutu "man, husband," and unrelated in meaning to the similarly spelled verb for dying, even though several of its plural forms coincide. Its dominant use is the fixed collocation metei mispar "men of number" and (bi)metei meat "few men," both idioms for a small, countable group; elsewhere it heads a construct chain characterizing a class of people ("men of falsehood," "men of my council") or, less often, denotes adult males over against women and children. A few occurrences, notably Isaiah 41:14, are textually or contextually debated.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. מַתlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. מַתlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. מַתlexicon

All attested forms of מַת

m p construct

מְתֵי

Gen 34:30, Deu 4:27, Deu 26:5, Deu 28:62, 1Ch 16:19, Job 11:11, Job 19:19, Job 22:15

m p absolute

מְתִים, מְתִם

Job 11:3, Job 24:12, Psa 17:14, Psa 17:14, Deu 2:34, Deu 3:6

m p construct

מְתַיִךְ

Isa 3:25

m p construct

מְתָיו

Deu 33:6