StrongerBible

mishenet

מִשְׁעֶנֶת

HebrewH4938staff, support, ...

Appears 12 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 21:19Num 21:18Jdg 6:212Ki 4:29 (2×)2Ki 4:312Ki 18:21Psa 23:4Isa 3:1Isa 36:6Ezk 29:6Zec 8:4
Root family
Word studyResearch-grademish-EH-netnoun

What mishenet means

a staff: the stick a person leans their weight on to walk, stand, or be steadied

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its root this word names a simple object: the cane or walking-stick a person leans on. It is built from a verb meaning to lean on or rely on something, and the form names the tool you do that with. So almost everywhere it appears, it is a real piece of wood in someone's hand.

Because the staff is the thing a body trusts its weight to, it easily stretches from the literal stick to what it stands for. A leader's staff becomes a mark of his authority. And when prophets ask what a nation is really leaning on, the staff becomes the test image for trust itself: lean on the wrong thing and it gives way, or even wounds you. These are not different words but one image followed where the writers take it.

The more abstract idea of support in general (a steadying prop, a supply that holds life up) sits at the far edge of the same picture. English Bibles reach for several words here ("staff," "stay," "support"), but the concrete cane is always close underneath.

Nuances

1aa literal walking-stick, used to steady or guide a person
Exo 21:19Jdg 6:212Ki 4:29 (2×)2Ki 4:31Psa 23:4Zec 8:4
1ba staff carried as a mark of authority or office
Num 21:18
1cfiguratively, the thing one relies on for support, especially an unreliable one that fails the leaner
2Ki 18:21Isa 36:6Ezk 29:6
1dsupport or supply in general: the props that hold a society up
Isa 3:1

What scholars say about mishenet

BDB, HALOT, DCH, Gesenius, TDOT, TWOT, and NIDOTTE converge on a concrete instrumental sense, glossing the noun as staff or walking-stick and deriving it from the root שׁען (to lean, support oneself, rely) with the feminine miqtelet instrument pattern (Joüon-Muraoka 88L-M; Waltke-O'Connor 5.6). They distinguish it sharply from the masculine cognates מִשְׁעָן / מַשְׁעֵן, which carry the abstract support, stay. TDOT (Ringgren) and TWOT (Harris-Archer-Waltke) trace a theological deepening in which the verb draws into the orbit of בטח (trust) and אמן (believe), making the staff the image for the object of reliance. On the figurative crushed-reed passage Blenkinsopp (AB Isaiah 1-39) and Wildberger (Continental) read a hostile inversion of ANE diplomatic rhetoric paralleled in Esarhaddon's vassal treaties; Block (NICOT) and Zimmerli (Hermeneia) note Ezekiel 29:6 canonizing the same image as divine verdict. On Psalm 23:4 Kraus, Hossfeld-Zenger, Goldingay, and Dahood read sebet and the staff as distinct but complementary, while Craigie is open to hendiadys. On Numbers 21:18 Levine (AB), Milgrom (JPS), and Ashley (NICOT) read the staves as insignia of office and territorial markers. The Septuagint renders the noun mostly with rhabdos but uses the more precise baktēria (walking-stick) for Elisha's personal staff and Psalm 23:4, a principled distinction noted by Muraoka and Pietersma (NETS).

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDB, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, p. 1043, s.v. מִשְׁעֶנֶתlexicon
  • HALOT, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. מִשְׁעֶנֶתlexicon
  • DCH, The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, vol. 5, s.v. מִשְׁעֶנֶתlexicon
  • G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. XV, s.v. שׁען (šāʿan)lexicon
  • R. L. Harris, G. L. Archer, B. K. Waltke, eds., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, 2434lexicon
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (Anchor Bible)commentary
  • Hans Wildberger, Isaiah 28-39 (Continental Commentary)commentary
  • Mordechai Cogan and Hayim Tadmor, II Kings (Anchor Bible)commentary
  • Baruch A. Levine, Numbers 21-36 (Anchor Bible)commentary
  • Frank-Lothar Hossfeld and Erich Zenger, Psalms 2 (Hermeneia)commentary
  • Takamitsu Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint, 3rd ed.lexicon

All attested forms of מִשְׁעֶנֶת

f s absolute

מִּשְׁעֶנֶת, מַשְׁעֵנָה

Jdg 6:21, 2Ki 4:31, Isa 3:1

f s construct

מִשְׁעֶנֶת

2Ki 18:21, Isa 36:6, Ezk 29:6

f s construct

מִשְׁעַנְתִּי

2Ki 4:29, 2Ki 4:29

f s construct

מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ

Exo 21:19, Zec 8:4

f p construct

מִשְׁעֲנֹתָם

Num 21:18

f s construct

מִשְׁעַנְתֶּךָ

Psa 23:4