StrongerBible

la'ag

לַעַג

HebrewH3933derision, scoffing, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 34:7Psa 44:13(14)Psa 79:4Psa 123:4Ezk 23:32Ezk 36:4Hos 7:16
Root family
Word studyLAH-agnoun

What la'ag means

derision: contempt that has gone public, either the disgrace of being laughed at or the scornful talk itself

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This is the noun that belongs with the verb for mocking (לָעַג). It does not name a private dislike. It names contempt that has gone public: the jeering of the onlookers, and the humiliation of whoever they are jeering at.

Five of its seven appearances belong to one fixed way of talking about national ruin. A beaten people, or its wrecked land, is handed over as a derision to the nations round about, and the phrase usually arrives with companion words for disgrace (חֶרְפָּה) and scorn (קֶלֶס). The complaint is not that the neighbors think badly of Israel in private. It is that Israel's ruin has become entertainment for everyone watching.

Twice the word turns from the reputation to the mockery itself, and both times it is treated like something a person swallows. In Psalm 123:4 the worshippers have had their fill of the mockery of the comfortable, set beside the contempt (בּוּז) of the proud. In Job 34:7 Elihu asks who else is like Job, a man who "drinks up scorn like water", meaning that Job takes to scornful talk as readily as a thirsty man takes a drink.

One pattern holds across all seven verses: the mocking is always human. The verb of this root can put derisive laughter in God's mouth, as when the LORD laughs at kings who plot against him, but the noun never does. It stays on the human side, naming either the shame people suffer or the scorn people hand out.

Nuances

1athe disgrace of being laughed at: a people, a person, or a ruined land turned into the thing everyone points at and mocks
Psa 44:13(14)Psa 79:4Ezk 23:32Ezk 36:4Hos 7:16
1bthe mocking talk itself: scorn poured out by those who look down on others, pictured as something a person is fed or drinks down
Job 34:7Psa 123:4

What scholars say about la'ag

BDB, HALOT and DCH agree on a single sense for לַעַג, a noun of derision or mockery built on the root לעג, with no homonym proposed for it: the disputed sense of unintelligible or stammering speech attaches to the related form לָעֵג of Isaiah 28:11, filed separately as H3934, and to the verbal form of Isaiah 33:19. Five of the seven occurrences stand in the stereotyped lament and judgment pattern in which a people, or its land, is handed over as an object of derision to surrounding nations: twice in explicit pairing with חֶרְפָּה and קֶלֶס (Psalm 44:13; 79:4), once with צְחֹק (Ezekiel 23:32), once with בַּז (Ezekiel 36:4), and once, without a partner noun, in the difficult final colon of Hosea 7:16, where the suffixed לַעְגָּם is generally read as the derision the exiles will suffer in Egypt rather than the mockery they utter; Macintosh treats the colon as textually uncertain. Job 34:7 is the one occurrence where the noun denotes mockery uttered or taken in rather than suffered: BDB refers it to Job's own scoffing, and Clines reads it with the following line about walking with evildoers, on the model of Job 15:16, where a man drinks in iniquity like water. The Septuagint renders the noun with several different nouns of mockery and reproach, so no single Greek noun stands as its fixed equivalent.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. לַעַגlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. לַעַגlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. לעגlexicon
  • D. J. A. Clines, Job 21-37, Word Biblical Commentary 18Acommentary
  • A. A. Macintosh, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Hosea, International Critical Commentarycommentary

All attested forms of לַעַג

m s absolute

לַעַג, לַּעַג

Psa 44:13, Psa 79:4, Ezk 36:4, Job 34:7

m s construct

לַעַג, לַּעַג

Ezk 23:32, Psa 123:4

m s construct

לַעְגָּם

Hos 7:16