StrongerBible

kara

כָּרַע

HebrewH3766bow, kneel, ...

Appears 36 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 49:9Num 24:9Jdg 5:27 (3×)Jdg 7:5Jdg 7:6Jdg 11:35 (2×)1Sa 4:192Sa 22:401Ki 8:541Ki 19:182Ki 1:132Ki 9:242Ch 7:32Ch 29:29Ezr 9:5Est 3:2 (2×)Est 3:5Job 4:4Job 31:10Job 39:3Psa 17:13Psa 18:39(40)Psa 20:8(9)Psa 22:29(30)Psa 72:9Psa 78:31Psa 95:6Isa 10:4Isa 45:23Isa 46:1Isa 46:2Isa 65:12
Root family
Word studykah-RAHverb

What kara means

to bend the knees and sink the body downward: to kneel, crouch, or collapse.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its root this word describes one plain physical motion: the knees give way and the body drops toward the ground. Everything the word means grows out of that single picture. The reason it covers such a wide range is that a person, an animal, or a defeated army can all end up with their knees folded under them, but for very different reasons.

Sometimes the sinking is chosen and reverent. A worshiper kneels before God, or a subject drops to his knees before a king. Other times it is the easy repose of a strong animal, a lion settling down after a kill. And often it is the opposite of strength: a wounded man buckling, a woman overcome in childbirth, an exhausted body that simply cannot stay upright.

Because the picture is so vivid, the Bible loves to play the meanings against each other. The same motion that shows honor when a believer kneels shows helplessness when an enemy is brought down, and shows doom when idols are hauled off bowing on the backs of pack animals. When the action is forced on someone by another, the word turns causative: to bring an enemy low, to make him buckle underneath you in defeat.

Nuances

1ato kneel or bow down in worship, homage, or pleading, before God or a person of higher rank
1Ki 8:541Ki 19:182Ki 1:132Ch 7:32Ch 29:29Ezr 9:5Est 3:2 (2×)Est 3:5Psa 22:29(30)Psa 72:9Psa 95:6Isa 45:23
1bto crouch or lie down, of an animal settling at rest
Gen 49:9Num 24:9Job 31:10Job 39:3
1cto sink down or collapse, buckling from wounds, exhaustion, or death
Jdg 5:27 (3×)1Sa 4:192Ki 9:24Job 4:4Psa 20:8(9)Isa 10:4
1dto make someone sink or buckle: to bring low, subdue, or strike down (used of forcing the action on another)
Jdg 11:35 (2×)2Sa 22:40Psa 17:13Psa 18:39(40)Psa 78:31
1eto kneel down to drink
Jdg 7:5Jdg 7:6

What scholars say about kara

The lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat כרע as a single verb whose core is bending the knee and sinking the body, and organize the range into kneeling in reverence or homage, crouching (of animals, notably the lion of Gen 49:9 and Num 24:9), and sinking or collapsing in weakness or death, with the hiphil functioning causatively (to bring low, subdue). The word is a favorite of poetic and prophetic irony: the idol-carrying scenes of Isa 46:1-2 exploit the double sense of bowing (worship versus being hauled off as dead weight), and Isa 45:23 (every knee shall bow) is picked up in Rom 14:11 and Phil 2:10. Job 31:10 is disputed: many read the parallel line's verb as a sexual euphemism for another man taking Job's wife, while others keep the literal image of grinding at the mill.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. כרעlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. כרעlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. כרעlexicon
  • H.-J. Fabry, "כרע," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT)dictionary

All attested forms of כָּרַע

qal perfect 3ms

כָּרַע

Gen 49:9, Num 24:9, Jdg 5:27, Jdg 5:27, Jdg 5:27, Isa 10:4, Isa 46:1

qal perfect 3cp

כָּרְעוּ

Jdg 7:6, 1Ki 19:18, 2Ch 29:29, Psa 20:8, Isa 46:2

qal imperfect 3mp

יִכְרְעוּ

Job 31:10, Psa 22:29, Psa 72:9

hiphil imperfect 2ms

תַּכְרִיעַ

2Sa 22:40, Psa 18:39

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּכְרַע

2Ki 1:13, 2Ki 9:24

qal imperfect 3ms

יִכְרַע

Jdg 7:5, Est 3:2

hiphil imperative 2ms

הַכְרִיעֵ

Psa 17:13

hiphil infinitive-absolute absolute

הַכְרֵעַ

Jdg 11:35

hiphil perfect 2fs

הִכְרַעְתִּ

Jdg 11:35

hiphil perfect 3ms

הִכְרִיעַ

Psa 78:31

qal cohortative 1cp

נִכְרָעָה

Psa 95:6

qal consecutive-imperfect 1cs

וָאֶכְרְעָ

Ezr 9:5

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּכְרַע

1Sa 4:19

qal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּכְרְעוּ

2Ch 7:3

qal imperfect 2mp

תִּכְרָעוּ

Isa 65:12

qal imperfect 3fp

תִּכְרַעְנָה

Job 39:3

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּכְרַע

Isa 45:23

qal infinitive-construct construct

כְּרֹעַ

1Ki 8:54

qal participle f p absolute

כֹּרְעוֹת

Job 4:4

qal participle m p absolute

כֹּרְעִים

Est 3:2

qal participle m s absolute

כֹּרֵעַ

Est 3:5