StrongerBible

kavah

כָּבָה

HebrewH3518quench, put out, ...

Appears 24 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Lev 6:12(5)Lev 6:13(6)1Sa 3:32Sa 14:72Sa 21:172Ki 22:172Ch 29:72Ch 34:25Pro 26:20Pro 31:18Sng 8:7Isa 1:31Isa 34:10Isa 42:3Isa 43:17Isa 66:24Jer 4:4Jer 7:20Jer 17:27Jer 21:12Ezk 20:47(21:3)Ezk 20:48(21:4)Ezk 32:7Amo 5:6
Word studykah-VAHverb

What kavah means

of fire or light: to go out, or to put it out

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the everyday word for a fire, flame, or lamp ceasing to burn. It works in both directions: a fire can simply go out on its own once the fuel runs low, or a person can actively put a fire out. The same verb covers both, so context tells you whether something died down or was deliberately extinguished.

Because fire and light stand for so much in the Bible, the word reaches naturally into word-pictures. A blazing fire that no one can put out becomes the image of God's judgment falling on a nation, and the phrase "it shall not be quenched" repeats through the prophets as a warning that the coming disaster is unstoppable. A lamp or a live coal, on the other hand, pictures a person's life or a family line: to snuff it out is to end them, and to keep it burning is to keep them alive.

Across all of these the core idea never changes. Something that was burning stops burning, or is made to stop. The literal fire, the fire of judgment, and the flame of a human life are the same action seen in three settings:

  • a cooking or altar fire dying for lack of wood
  • a judgment fire so fierce that no one can put it out in time
  • the lamp of a life or a love that is snuffed out, or that refuses to be snuffed out

Nuances

1aa physical fire, flame, or lamp stops burning, whether it dies down on its own or is put out
Lev 6:12(5)Lev 6:13(6)1Sa 3:32Ch 29:7Pro 26:20Pro 31:18
1bthe fire of God's anger or judgment, pictured as burning so fiercely that no one can put it out
2Ki 22:172Ch 34:25Isa 1:31Isa 34:10Isa 66:24Jer 4:4Jer 7:20Jer 17:27Jer 21:12Ezk 20:47(21:3)Ezk 20:48(21:4)Amo 5:6
1ca human life, a family line, or love itself pictured as a flame: snuffed out, or unable to be snuffed out
2Sa 14:72Sa 21:17Sng 8:7Isa 42:3Isa 43:17Ezk 32:7

What scholars say about kavah

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT) treat כבה as a single verb: in the qal it is intransitive, "to go out, be extinguished," said of the altar fire (Lev 6:5-6 MT), the tabernacle lamp (1 Sam 3:3), and the fire of divine wrath (2 Kgs 22:17); in the piel it is transitive-causative, "to quench, put out." The figurative applications, the unquenchable fire of judgment in the prophets and the lamp or coal as a metaphor for a person's life and dynasty (2 Sam 14:7; 21:17), are extensions of the one literal sense rather than distinct meanings. TWOT (no. 970) notes the theological weight the verb gathers in the recurring formula that God's judgment fire "shall not be quenched" (Isa 66:24; Jer 7:20).

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. כבהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. כבהlexicon
  • TWOT, no. 970 (כבה)lexicon

All attested forms of כָּבָה

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּכְבֶּה, תִכְבֶה

Lev 6:12, 2Ki 22:17, 2Ch 34:25, Pro 26:20, Isa 34:10, Isa 66:24, Jer 7:20, Jer 17:27

piel participle m s absolute

מְכַבֶּה

Isa 1:31, Jer 4:4, Jer 21:12, Amo 5:6

piel infinitive-construct construct

כַבּוֹת, כַבּוֹתְ

Sng 8:7, Ezk 32:7

qal imperfect 3ms

יִכְבֶּה

1Sa 3:3, Pro 31:18

piel consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיְכַבּוּ

2Ch 29:7

piel consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְכִבּוּ

2Sa 14:7

piel imperfect 2ms

תְכַבֶּה

2Sa 21:17

piel imperfect 3ms

יְכַבֶּ

Isa 42:3

qal perfect 3cp

כָבוּ

Isa 43:17