StrongerBible

yasah

יָשַׁע

HebrewH3467save, deliver, ...

Appears 206 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 2:17Exo 14:30Deu 20:4Deu 22:27Deu 28:29Deu 28:31Jos 10:6Jos 22:22Jdg 2:18Jdg 3:9 (2×)Jdg 3:15Jdg 3:31Jdg 6:15Jdg 6:36Jdg 6:37Jdg 7:7Jdg 10:1Jdg 10:13Jdg 10:14Jdg 12:3Jdg 13:51Sa 4:31Sa 7:81Sa 9:161Sa 10:11Sa 10:191Sa 10:271Sa 11:31Sa 14:61Sa 14:231Sa 14:391Sa 17:471Sa 23:51Sa 25:261Sa 25:312Sa 3:182Sa 8:62Sa 8:142Sa 10:112Sa 10:192Sa 14:42Sa 22:3 (2×)2Sa 22:282Sa 22:422Ki 6:262Ki 6:27 (2×)2Ki 13:52Ki 14:272Ki 16:72Ki 19:19
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyResearch-gradeyah-SHAHverb

What yasah means

to save: to step in on behalf of someone in danger, distress, or the wrong, and bring them through to safety, victory, or vindication.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

At its core this word is about intervention: someone in trouble, and someone else who shows up and does something about it. It reaches across the whole work of coming to the aid of the imperiled, from pulling a person out of immediate danger, to winning the battle that frees a people from those who oppress them, to standing up for the weak or the wronged who cannot defend themselves, and, on the receiving end, being brought safely through.

A long tradition claimed the word originally pictured being brought from a narrow, cramped place out into open space, and popular teaching still repeats it. Careful study of the word's history has set that aside: there is no reliable underlying image of width here. The word simply names the act of helping and rescuing, and the frequent pairing with words for distress and being hemmed in is a natural association, not the buried meaning of the word itself.

In most of the Bible the one doing the saving is God. He is the deliverer of Israel at the sea, the rescuer of the person who cries out in trouble, the one who gives victory when the army is too small to win on its own. The judges and kings who save do so as his agents, and the prophets press the point that no one and nothing else, no idol, no foreign alliance, no horse and chariot, can actually do it. In Isaiah the human rescuer drops away entirely: God insists that besides him there is no savior at all.

This is the word that stands behind the most familiar language of rescue in the Hebrew Bible. The personal names Joshua and the later form Jesus mean "the LORD saves," and the noun usually translated salvation comes straight from it. Yet on its own the word is concrete and this-worldly: rescue from real enemies, real danger, real defeat. The later idea of saving the soul is where the trail eventually leads, not where it begins.

Nuances

1ato rescue or deliver someone from enemies, danger, or distress.
Exo 14:301Sa 23:2Psa 6:4(5)Psa 28:9Psa 31:16(17)Psa 69:1(2)Psa 71:2Psa 106:8Psa 106:10Psa 109:26Jer 15:20Jer 30:10
1bto give victory in battle; to deliver a people from the foes who oppress them.
Deu 20:4Jdg 2:16Jdg 2:18Jdg 3:31Jdg 6:14Jdg 7:2Jdg 7:71Sa 9:161Sa 14:61Sa 14:231Sa 17:471Sa 23:5
1cto come to the aid of the weak or wronged who cannot defend themselves, including standing up for someone's cause and setting things right for them.
Exo 2:17Deu 22:27Deu 28:29Deu 28:311Sa 25:312Sa 14:4Job 5:15Psa 72:4Psa 72:13Psa 76:9(10)Psa 109:31Pro 20:22
1dto be saved, to be brought safely through, to find deliverance or vindication.
Deu 33:292Sa 22:4Psa 18:3Psa 33:16Psa 80:3Psa 80:7Psa 80:19Pro 28:18Isa 30:15Isa 45:17Isa 45:22Isa 64:5

What scholars say about yasah

The verb is essentially confined to two stems, the active Hiphil ("save, deliver, give victory, help") and the passive Niphal ("be saved, be helped, be victorious"); DCH counts roughly 206 Hiphil and 21 Niphal forms, and the derived nouns (yeshuah, yesha, teshuah, and the participial noshia "savior") carry the same field. Roughly a third of all occurrences of the root fall in Isaiah. On etymology the field has decisively shifted: the older derivation from an Arabic word for "be spacious" (Schultens, Gesenius, and still printed in BDB, TWOT, and Hubbard's NIDOTTE) has been disproved. J. F. A. Sawyer's 1965 article and 1972 monograph reconstructed the root to a proto-Semitic form with an interdental second radical, attested onomastically in Ugaritic, Sabaean, and the Mesha Stele, and objected that the Arabic link requires two irregular sound correspondences and that Hebrew never means "be wide" while the Arabic word never means "save"; the 18th edition of Gesenius, Stolz's TLOT entry, and the Cambridge/Leiden Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (Davies, Aitken, Gray, Williams) have adopted this, the last stating flatly that the derivation from "spaciousness" has been disproved. On the basic sense, Stolz titles his TLOT entry "to help" and takes an everyday secular meaning as basic; Sawyer glosses it as bringing help to those in trouble and argues the participle moshia designates a champion of justice in situations of controversy and oppression (a forensic thesis he later moderated in his TDOT entry and which Davies/SAHD and Moberly qualify). The theological weight builds through Judges (the raised-up deliverer), Samuel and Kings (the Davidic king and holy-war victory, with von Rad locating the setting in YHWH the divine warrior), the Psalms of lament (the structural cry for rescue and vindication, on which Sawyer's forensic reading has its firmest footing, discussed by Patrick Miller), and Isaiah, where a deliberate polemic against rival saviors (Childs, Wildberger, Blenkinsopp, Oswalt) eliminates the human deliverer entirely. Sawyer, Stolz, and Westermann all hold that "saving from sin" is a post-Old-Testament extension; Goldingay presses this in his ICC Isaiah and prefers "deliver," while Oswalt argues for a genuine spiritual dimension already in later Isaiah, a hermeneutical rather than philological disagreement.

Where scholars disagree about yasah

Whether the word originally pictured spatial openness (being brought from a narrow place into a wide, open one) or simply meant to help and rescue with no underlying image of width.

  • majorityThe root goes back to a proto-Semitic word attested with an interdental consonant in personal names across the region, unrelated to the Arabic word for spaciousness; there is no genuine sense of width, and the pairing with words for distress is association, not etymology.; J. F. A. Sawyer, Semantics in Biblical Research (SBT 2/24; London: SCM, 1972); Wilhelm Gesenius, Handwörterbuch, 18th ed., s.v. ישע; Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (SAHD), entry ישע
  • minorityThe verb derives from an Arabic root meaning "be spacious," so its underlying idea is being given room or breadth, with rescue as a derived sense.; BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. ישע; John E. Hartley, "ישע," in TWOT, entry 929

How to state the basic meaning: bringing help TO someone in trouble, or rescuing them FROM it.

  • contestedThe everyday core is "help/assist": bringing aid to someone in need, before any theological freight.; F. Stolz, "ישע," in TLOT 2:584-587; Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (SAHD), entry ישע
  • contestedThe core is straightforwardly "save, deliver"; the softer "help to those in trouble" sits uneasily with texts like the deliverance at the sea.; BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. ישע; John Goldingay, Isaiah 40-55 (ICC; London: T&T Clark, 2006)
In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • J. F. A. Sawyer, "What Was a Mošiaʿ?", Vetus Testamentum 15 (1965): 475-486article
  • J. F. A. Sawyer, Semantics in Biblical Research: New Methods of Defining Hebrew Words for Salvation (SBT 2/24; London: SCM, 1972)monograph
  • J. F. A. Sawyer, "ישע," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) 6:441-463dictionary
  • F. Stolz, "ישע," in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament (TLOT) 2:584-587dictionary
  • David J. A. Clines, ed., The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew (DCH), s.v. ישעlexicon
  • Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (SAHD), entry ישע (Davies, Aitken, Gray, Williams)lexicon
  • Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament, 18th ed., s.v. ישעlexicon
  • John E. Hartley, "ישע," in Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT), entry 929dictionary
  • Robert L. Hubbard Jr., "ישע," in New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis (NIDOTTE) 2:556-562dictionary
  • John Goldingay, Isaiah 40-55 (ICC; London: T&T Clark, 2006)commentary
  • John N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 40-66 (NICOT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998)commentary
  • R. W. L. Moberly, "Is God a Deliverer or a Savior?", Journal of Theological Interpretation 15 (2021)article

All attested forms of יָשַׁע

hiphil imperative 2ms

הוֹשִׁיעֵ, הוֹשִׁיעָ, הוֹשַׁע, וְהוֹשִׁיעֵ, וְהוֹשִׁיעָ, הוֹשִׁעָ, וְהוֹשִׁעֵ

2Ki 19:19, 1Ch 16:35, Psa 3:7, Psa 6:4, Psa 7:1, Psa 22:21, Psa 31:16, Psa 54:1

hiphil infinitive-construct construct

לְהוֹשִׁיעַ, לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ, לְהוֹשִׁיעָ, וּלְהוֹשִׁיעַ, לְהוֹשִׁיעֲ, לְהוֹשִׁיעֶ, מֵהוֹשִׁיעַ

Deu 20:4, Jdg 10:1, Jdg 10:13, Jdg 13:5, 1Sa 14:6, 2Sa 10:11, 2Sa 10:19, 1Ch 19:19

hiphil participle m s absolute

מוֹשִׁיעַ, וּמוֹשִׁיעַ, הַמּוֹשִׁיעַ, לְמוֹשִׁיעַ, מוֹשִׁיע, מֹשִׁיעַ

Deu 22:27, Deu 28:29, Deu 28:31, Jdg 3:9, Jdg 3:15, Jdg 6:36, 1Sa 10:19, 1Sa 11:3

hiphil imperfect 3ms

יוֹשִׁיעַ, יוֹשִׁיעֵ, יְהוֹשִׁיעַ, יוֹשִׁעַ, יוֹשִׁיעֶ, יוֹשִׁעֵ, יֹּשִׁעֵ

Psa 34:18, Psa 69:35, Psa 72:4, Psa 72:13, Isa 45:20, Zep 3:17, Psa 55:16, Psa 107:13

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיּוֹשַׁע, וַיּוֹשִׁיעֵ, וַיֹּשַׁע, וַיּוֹשִׁעָ

Exo 14:30, 1Sa 14:23, 2Sa 8:14, 1Ch 11:14, 1Ch 18:6, 1Ch 18:13, 2Ch 32:22, Jdg 3:9

hiphil participle m s construct

מוֹשִׁיעֵ, מוֹשִׁיע, מוֹשִׁיעֲ, מוֹשִׁיעֶ, מוֹשִׁיעָ, מוֹשִׁעֲ, מֹשִׁעִ

Isa 47:15, Isa 49:26, Isa 60:16, Jer 14:8, Jer 30:10, Isa 43:3, Psa 106:21, Jer 46:27

hiphil imperfect 2ms

תּוֹשִׁיעַ, תוֹשִׁיעֶ, תּוֹשִׁיעֵ, תֹּשִׁעֵ

Jdg 6:37, 2Sa 22:28, Psa 18:27, Psa 36:6, Hab 1:2, 1Sa 10:1, Jos 22:22, 2Sa 22:3

hiphil conjunctive-imperfect 3ms

וְיוֹשִׁיעֵ, וְיֹשִׁעֵ, וְיוֹשִׁיעֲ

Psa 37:40, Psa 57:3, Psa 145:19, Isa 25:9, 1Sa 4:3, 1Sa 7:8, Hos 13:10

hiphil imperfect 1cs

אוֹשִׁיעַ, אוֹשִׁיעֵ

Jdg 6:15, Jdg 7:7, Isa 49:25, Zec 8:13, Zec 10:6, 2Ki 6:27, Hos 1:7

hiphil consecutive-perfect 1cs

וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּי

1Ch 19:12, Ezk 34:22, Ezk 36:29, Ezk 37:23, Hos 1:7, Zep 3:19

hiphil consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְהוֹשִׁיעַ, וְהוֹשִׁיעָ

1Sa 9:16, Zec 12:7, Jdg 2:18, Zec 9:16

hiphil perfect 3ms

הוֹשִׁיעַ, הוֹשִׁיע, הוֹשִׁיעָ

2Sa 3:18, Psa 20:6, Psa 34:6, Isa 63:9

hiphil imperfect 3mp

יוֹשִׁיעוּ

Jdg 10:14, Jer 2:28, Jer 11:12

hiphil infinitive-absolute absolute

וְהוֹשֵׁעַ, הֹשֵׁעַ

1Sa 25:26, Jer 11:12, 1Sa 25:33

hiphil perfect 2ms

הוֹשַׁעְתָּ

Jdg 8:22, Job 26:2, Psa 44:7

hiphil perfect 3fs

הוֹשִׁיעָה

Jdg 7:2, Psa 44:3, Psa 98:1

niphal cohortative 1cp

נִוָּשֵׁעָה

Psa 80:3, Psa 80:7, Psa 80:19

hiphil conjunctive-imperfect 3mp

וְיוֹשִׁיעֻ, וְיוֹשִׁיעוּ

Isa 47:13, Neh 9:27

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתּוֹשַׁע

Isa 59:16, Isa 63:5

hiphil consecutive-perfect 2ms

וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ

Jdg 6:14, 1Sa 23:2

hiphil imperfect 3fs

תוֹשִׁיעֵ, תוֹשִׁעַ

Psa 44:6, Job 40:14

hiphil jussive 3ms

יֹשַׁע, יֹשַׁעֲ

Pro 20:22, Isa 35:4

hiphil participle m p absolute

מוֹשִׁיעִים, מוֹשִׁעִים

Neh 9:27, Oba 1:21

niphal cohortative 1cs

אִוָּשֵׁעָה

Psa 119:117, Jer 17:14

niphal imperfect 1cs

אִוָּשֵׁעַ

2Sa 22:4, Psa 18:3

niphal imperfect 3fs

תִּוָּשַׁע

Jer 23:6, Jer 33:16

niphal imperfect 3ms

יִוָּשֵׁעַ

Pro 28:18, Jer 30:7

niphal participle m s absolute

וְנוֹשָׁע, נוֹשָׁע

Zec 9:9, Psa 33:16

niphal perfect 3ms

נוֹשַׁע

Deu 33:29, Isa 45:17

hiphil conjunctive-imperfect 2ms

וְתוֹשִׁיעַ

2Ch 20:9

hiphil conjunctive-imperfect 3fs

וְתוֹשִׁיעֵ

Psa 138:7

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 1cs

וָאוֹשִׁיעָ

Jdg 10:12

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיּוֹשִׁיעוּ

Jdg 2:16

hiphil imperfect 2mp

תּוֹשִׁיעוּ

Jdg 6:31

hiphil perfect 1cs

וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּי

Isa 43:12

hiphil perfect 2mp

הוֹשַׁעְתֶּם

Jdg 12:2

niphal conjunctive-imperfect 1cp

וְנִוָּשֵׁעַ

Isa 64:5

niphal consecutive-perfect 2mp

וְנוֹשַׁעְתֶּם

Num 10:9

niphal imperative 2mp

הִוָּשְׁעוּ

Isa 45:22

niphal imperfect 2mp

תִּוָּשֵׁעוּ

Isa 30:15

2 further parsings are listed under Syntax.