StrongerBible

yekhel

יְכִל

AramaicH3202be able, can, ...

Appears 11 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Dan 2:10Dan 2:27Dan 2:47Dan 3:17Dan 3:29Dan 4:18(15)Dan 4:37(34)Dan 5:16 (2×)Dan 6:4(5)Dan 6:20(21)
Word studyyeh-KHEELverb

What yekhel means

to be able to do something: to have the power or the skill that the task requires

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

Every time this word appears, the thing that can or cannot be done follows right behind it: reveal a dream, read a strange inscription, rescue someone from a furnace, bring a proud king low. It is the plain word for having what a job takes, and it behaves almost exactly the way English "can" does.

What makes it worth noticing is who it gets attached to. All eleven uses fall in the Aramaic chapters of Daniel, and the book keeps drawing one line with it. Babylon's experts are not able to do the thing (Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27, Daniel 4:18); the God Daniel serves is able (Daniel 3:17, Daniel 6:20). Even a hostile king concedes it, first to Daniel (Daniel 2:47) and finally about heaven itself (Daniel 4:37).

Aramaic has a second verb for being able, כְּהַל, and Daniel 4:18 sets the two side by side: the wise men are not able (this word) to give the meaning, but Daniel is able (the other one). They are close enough to trade places, so little hangs on which one a verse happens to use. The Hebrew Bible's workhorse for the same idea is יָכֹל, which ranges wider, stretching to "be allowed" and "get the upper hand over an enemy"; in Daniel the Aramaic verb keeps to plain capacity. The Greek word that covers the same ground is δύναμαι.

Nuances

1aof people, to be up to a task: to have the knowledge, skill, or opportunity it takes
Dan 2:10Dan 2:27Dan 2:47Dan 4:18(15)Dan 5:16 (2×)Dan 6:4(5)
1bof God, and when denied of any other god, to have the power to rescue or to bring low
Dan 3:17Dan 3:29Dan 4:37(34)Dan 6:20(21)

What scholars say about yekhel

HALOT and BDB treat the Aramaic verb as a single lexical item glossed "be able", construed throughout Daniel with a following infinitive, and both register the construction with the preposition l- in the sense "prevail over" at Daniel 7:21. The morphology data behind this corpus tags that occurrence under the Hebrew number H3201 rather than the Aramaic one, so it falls outside the occurrence list classified here and no "prevail" sense is posited for H3202. Rosenthal's grammar of Biblical Aramaic lists the verb among the irregular forms, which accounts for the varied imperfect spellings at Daniel 2:10, Daniel 3:29 and Daniel 5:16 beside the regular participle and perfect. The near-synonym כְּהַל (H3546) is confined in Daniel to competence at reading or interpreting, and Daniel 4:18 juxtaposes the two verbs within a single verse; commentators generally read that pairing as stylistic variation rather than a semantic distinction. The most discussed syntactic question at any occurrence is Daniel 3:17, where the clause may be construed either as a conditional protasis ("if our God whom we serve is able") or as an assertion ("our God whom we serve is able"); commentators on Daniel, Collins and Goldingay among them, weigh the alternatives. That debate concerns clause structure and the theology of the martyrs' reply, not the meaning of the verb, so it does not bear on the sense assignments made here.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. יְכִל (Aramaic)lexicon
  • BDB, s.v. יְכִל (Aramaic)lexicon
  • Franz Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaicgrammar
  • John J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia)commentary
  • John E. Goldingay, Daniel (Word Biblical Commentary)commentary

All attested forms of יְכִל

peal participle m p absolute

יָכְלִין

Dan 2:27, Dan 4:18, Dan 6:4

peal imperfect 2ms

תִיכּוּל, תִּכוּל

Dan 5:16, Dan 5:16

peal imperfect 3ms

יוּכַל, יִכֻּל

Dan 2:10, Dan 3:29

peal participle m s absolute

יָכִל

Dan 3:17, Dan 4:37

peal perfect 2ms

יְכֵלְתָּ

Dan 2:47

peal perfect 3ms

יְכִל

Dan 6:20