StrongerBible

ḥemed

חֶמֶד

HebrewH2531delight

Appears 6 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Isa 27:2Isa 32:12Ezk 23:6Ezk 23:12Ezk 23:23Amo 5:11
Root family
Word studyKHEH-mednoun

What ḥemed means

desirable: the quality that makes something worth wanting, always said of something else to mark it as choice or lovely

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word never stands on its own. It attaches to something else to say that thing is worth wanting: a vineyard of delight (a choice vineyard), fields of delight (prime farmland), young men of delight (handsome soldiers). English versions turn it into a describing word and say "pleasant", "choice", "desirable", or "handsome".

It comes from the verb chamad (חמד), "to desire", the same verb that stands behind "you shall not covet". That family tie matters, because the word does not simply mean nice or agreeable. It marks a thing as the kind of thing people want to have.

Five of its six uses sit inside a scene of loss or ruin:

  • vineyards planted by men who will never drink their wine
  • fine fields mourned over by women beating their breasts
  • handsome foreign soldiers who attract two sisters and then destroy them

Only Isaiah 27:2 turns the word warm, where God sings over a choice vineyard of his own.

Two close relatives divide the work differently. The sister noun chemdah (חמדה) can name the longing itself or the treasure that longing prizes, and machmad (מחמד) names the cherished thing or person outright. This word names neither the wanting nor the thing wanted: it names the quality that makes the thing wanted.

Nuances

1aof land and what grows on it: choice, prized, the sort of vineyard or field people want for themselves
Isa 27:2Isa 32:12Amo 5:11
1bof people: good-looking, the sort of young man whose appearance stirs desire
TranslatabilityDirect
Ezk 23:6Ezk 23:12Ezk 23:23

What scholars say about ḥemed

חֶמֶד is a masculine segholate noun from the root ḥmd, attested six times and always as the second element of a bound phrase, where it functions attributively: kerem ḥemed (Isa 27:2), śᵉdê ḥemed (Isa 32:12), karmê ḥemed (Amos 5:11), and baḥûrê ḥemed (Ezek 23:6, 12, 23). BDB glosses it "desirableness, preciousness"; HALOT "delight, desirableness"; DCH treats it as a single sense with attributive force, and no lexicon divides it into homonyms. Wallis in TDOT groups it with חֶמְדָּה and מַחְמָד among the nominal derivatives in which the root's center of gravity moves from the act of desiring to the object or quality desired. Isaiah 27:2 carries a text-critical question: the Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran reads חֶמֶר, "wine", a reading reflected in the Targum and the Vulgate and followed by the KJV ("a vineyard of red wine"), while the Septuagint (ἀμπελὼν καλός) supports the Masoretic חֶמֶד; Blenkinsopp and most modern editions retain the Masoretic reading. In Ezek 23 the phrase baḥûrê ḥemed belongs to the chapter's stereotyped portrait of imperial cavalry, and commentators such as Block read it as part of its seduction rhetoric; Paul notes that the Amos oracle pairs the choice vineyards with houses of hewn stone as the fruit of extortion.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. חֶמֶדlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. חֶמֶדlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. חֶמֶדlexicon
  • G. Wallis, "חָמַד ḥāmadh," in TDOT, vol. 4theological-dictionary
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (Anchor Bible 19, 2000)commentary
  • Daniel I. Block, The Book of Ezekiel: Chapters 1-24 (NICOT, 1997)commentary
  • Shalom M. Paul, Amos (Hermeneia, 1991)commentary

All attested forms of חֶמֶד

m s absolute

חֶמֶד

Isa 27:2, Isa 32:12, Ezk 23:6, Ezk 23:12, Ezk 23:23, Amo 5:11