StrongerBible

ḥekh

חֵךְ

HebrewH2441palate, mouth, ...

Appears 18 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Job 6:30Job 12:11Job 20:13Job 29:10Job 31:30Job 33:2Job 34:3Psa 119:103Psa 137:6Pro 5:3Pro 8:7Pro 24:13Sng 2:3Sng 5:16Sng 7:9(10)Lam 4:4Ezk 3:26Hos 8:1
Root family
Word studykhakenoun

What ḥekh means

the palate: the roof of the mouth, named as the organ of both tasting and speaking

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The word names one small part of the body, the roof of the mouth, but the Hebrew writers reach for it whenever the mouth is doing something worth naming. The same word therefore turns up in three kinds of scene:

  • when the tongue sticks to it in thirst, grief, or forced silence
  • when it tastes and savors food, and so becomes a picture of testing and judgment
  • when it forms words, standing for a person's speech and whether that speech is honest or sweet

This is a figure of speech in which a single part stands for the whole action: the palate is named, but tasting or speaking is meant. It often works alongside the לָשׁוֹן (tongue), the moving partner that presses against it, or the wider פֶּה (mouth). Because English rarely uses "palate" outside a doctor's office, translators usually swap in "mouth," "taste," or "roof of the mouth," and the single Hebrew word disappears behind several English ones.

The taste sense carries surprising weight. Just as the palate tells sweet from bitter, it becomes the image for telling truth from falsehood: the ear weighs words the way the palate weighs food. And words themselves can be "sweet to the palate," so that savoring good instruction and enjoying honey are described in exactly the same terms.

Nuances

1athe roof of the mouth as a physical body part, the surface the tongue sticks to in thirst, dread, or forced silence
TranslatabilityDirect
Job 29:10Psa 137:6Lam 4:4Ezk 3:26
1bthe palate as the organ of taste: where food is savored, and by extension where words and wisdom are tested and found sweet or bitter
Job 6:30Job 12:11Job 20:13Job 34:3Psa 119:103Pro 24:13Sng 2:3Sng 5:16Sng 7:9(10)
1cthe mouth as the organ of speech: what a person says and whether it rings true
Job 31:30Job 33:2Pro 5:3Pro 8:7Hos 8:1

What scholars say about ḥekh

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) agree on the referent: חֵךְ denotes the palate or roof of the mouth, and by metonymy the organ of taste and of speech. The physical sense is clearest in the recurring idiom of the tongue cleaving to the palate (Ps 137:6; Lam 4:4; Job 29:10; Ezek 3:26), signalling thirst, dumbness, or self-imposed silence. As the seat of taste it grounds both literal savoring (Job 12:11; 34:3; Prov 24:13; Song 2:3) and the epistemic figure by which discernment is likened to tasting (Job 6:30; 12:11). As the organ of articulation it stands for a person's utterance and its moral quality (Prov 8:7; Job 31:30; 33:2; Prov 5:3). The word is unremarkable in etymology, with cognates for palate or mouth across the Semitic languages, and no serious dispute attends its meaning.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חֵךְlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חֵךְlexicon
  • DCH (Dictionary of Classical Hebrew), s.v. חֵךְlexicon

All attested forms of חֵךְ

m s construct

חִכִּי

Job 6:30, Job 31:30, Job 33:2, Psa 119:103, Psa 137:6, Pro 8:7, Sng 2:3

m s construct

חִכֶּךָ, חִכְּךָ

Pro 24:13, Ezk 3:26, Hos 8:1

m s construct

חִכּוֹ, חכּוֹ

Job 20:13, Sng 5:16, Lam 4:4

m s absolute

חֵךְ

Job 12:11, Job 34:3

m s construct

חִכֵּךְ

Sng 7:9

m s construct

חִכָּהּ

Pro 5:3

m s construct

חִכָּם

Job 29:10