StrongerBible

zaqen

זָקֵן

HebrewH2204old, grow old, ...

Appears 27 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 18:12Gen 18:13Gen 19:31Gen 24:1Gen 27:1Gen 27:2Jos 13:1 (2×)Jos 23:1Jos 23:2Rut 1:121Sa 2:221Sa 4:181Sa 8:11Sa 8:51Sa 12:21Sa 17:122Sa 19:32(33)1Ki 1:12Ch 24:15Job 14:8Psa 37:25Pro 22:6Pro 23:22
Root family
Word studyzah-KANEverb

What zaqen means

to grow old: to advance in years and become aged

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This verb describes a living being reaching old age. It is the ordinary word for a person becoming or being far along in years, and the Bible uses it of Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Joshua, Eli, Samuel, David, and others as they reach the end of a long life. It can also stretch to non-human life, as when a tree stump grows old in the ground.

In story after story the plain statement "he was old" or "she had grown old" does more than report an age. It marks a turning point: a life is nearly complete, and questions of blessing, inheritance, succession, and who will carry on now come to the front. So the word often carries the weight of a whole life reaching its final stage, even though it means simply to grow old.

The same three consonants spell two other closely related words: a noun for an old man or a community elder, and a word for the beard that marks a grown man. They all cluster around the idea of age and the standing that comes with it, but this entry is the verb, the act of growing old itself.

Gen 18:12Gen 18:13Gen 19:31Gen 24:1Gen 27:1Gen 27:2Jos 13:1 (2×)Jos 23:1Jos 23:2Rut 1:121Sa 2:221Sa 4:18

What scholars say about zaqen

The standard lexica (HALOT, BDB) treat זקן as a single stative verb meaning "to be or become old," with a small number of hiphil forms functioning intransitively as "to grow old" (Job 14:8; Proverbs 22:6) rather than as a transitive "to make old." It belongs to a word group with the adjective/noun זָקֵן ("old, old man, elder") and זָקָן ("beard"), the beard serving as a visible mark of the mature male; J. Conrad's TDOT article on the root traces how the terminology of age shades into the terminology of social standing and the council of elders. In the narrative books the perfect "X grew old" is a recognized structural marker introducing episodes of blessing, inheritance, and dynastic succession.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. זקןlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. זקןlexicon
  • J. Conrad, "zāqēn," Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 4dictionary

All attested forms of זָקֵן

qal perfect 3ms

זָקֵן

Gen 18:12, Gen 19:31, Gen 24:1, Gen 27:1, Jos 13:1, Jos 23:1, 1Sa 2:22, 1Sa 4:18

qal perfect 1cs

זָקַנְתִּי

Gen 18:13, Gen 27:2, Jos 23:2, Rut 1:12, 1Sa 12:2, Psa 37:25

hiphil imperfect 3ms

יַזְקִין

Job 14:8, Pro 22:6

qal perfect 2ms

זָקַנְתָּ, זָקַנְתָּה

1Sa 8:5, Jos 13:1

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּזְקַן

2Ch 24:15

qal perfect 3fs

זָקְנָה

Pro 23:22