StrongerBible

gav

גַּו

AramaicH1459midst, within, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Ezr 4:15Ezr 5:7Ezr 6:2Dan 3:6Dan 3:11Dan 3:15Dan 3:21Dan 3:23Dan 3:24Dan 3:25Dan 3:26Dan 4:10(7)Dan 7:15
Word studyGAHVnoun

What gav means

the inside of something: the middle of a place, an object, or a document, used to say that something is in it, goes into it, or comes out of it

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word almost never stands on its own. It is joined to a short word meaning "in", "into", or "out of", and the pair does the work English does with "inside" or "in the middle of". The noun itself carries only the idea of an interior, and it takes its color from whatever it is the inside of.

Daniel 3 runs the whole range through one story. The same word marks every stage of the trip through the furnace:

  • the three men are thrown into the middle of the blazing furnace
  • the king sees four men walking about in the middle of the fire
  • he calls them to come out of the middle of the fire

That plain physical use accounts for most of the times the word appears.

The interior does not have to be a container. A tree can stand at the middle of the land, trouble can be stirred up inside a walled city, and a person can feel dread inside himself. The most surprising use is an official one: in Ezra, a letter and a royal scroll each have words "written in it", literally written in its inside, so the phrase points at what the document says.

Aramaic uses this word the way Hebrew uses תָּוֶךְ, the word that supplies "in the midst of" all through the Hebrew Bible. The two do such similar work that a reader crossing from the Aramaic chapters of Daniel and Ezra into the Hebrew around them will not notice any change.

Nuances

1ainside an enclosed space: the place a person is thrown into, is in, and is brought out of
TranslatabilityDirect
Dan 3:6Dan 3:11Dan 3:15Dan 3:21Dan 3:23Dan 3:24Dan 3:25Dan 3:26
1bsomewhere within a wider place: at the middle of the land, or inside a city where something is going on
Ezr 4:15Dan 4:10(7)
1cthe inside of a written document, so that words "written in it" point to what the document says
Ezr 5:7Ezr 6:2
1dinside a person, where fear and distress are felt
Dan 7:15

What scholars say about gav

The standard lexica (HALOT's Aramaic section; the Biblical Aramaic appendix of BDB) treat גַּו as a common noun meaning "midst, interior", attested in Biblical Aramaic almost exclusively in the compound prepositions בְּגוֹ "in", לְגוֹא "into", and מִן־גּוֹא "out of", a formation Rosenthal's grammar lists among the compound prepositions of the dialect. The noun is cognate with Hebrew גֵּו and functionally parallel to Hebrew תָּוֶךְ, and the same range continues in later Aramaic (Targumic and Syriac gaw). The suffixed form בְּגַוַּהּ in Ezra 5:7 and 6:2 is the chancery idiom for the contents of a document, consistent with the Achaemenid epistolary conventions discussed in Williamson's commentary on the Aramaic sections of Ezra. At Daniel 7:15 the phrase בְּגוֹא נִדְנֶה turns on the rare נִדְנֶה, generally glossed "sheath" and taken as a figure for the body; Collins surveys the alternatives, but the sense of gaw itself is not in question there.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. גַּו (Biblical Aramaic)lexicon
  • BDB, Biblical Aramaic appendix, s.v. גַּוlexicon
  • Franz Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic (Harrassowitz)grammar
  • John J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia; Fortress, 1993)commentary
  • H. G. M. Williamson, Ezra, Nehemiah (Word Biblical Commentary 16; Word, 1985)commentary

All attested forms of גַּו

c s construct

לְגוֹא, בְּגוֹא, גּוֹא

Dan 3:6, Dan 3:11, Dan 3:15, Dan 3:21, Dan 3:23, Dan 3:24, Dan 3:25, Dan 4:10

c s construct

גַוַּהּ, גַוֵּהּ

Ezr 4:15, Ezr 6:2, Ezr 5:7