StrongerBible

gav

גַּב

HebrewH1354back, eminent place, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Lev 14:91Ki 7:33Job 13:12 (2×)Job 15:26Psa 129:3Ezk 1:18 (2×)Ezk 10:12Ezk 16:24Ezk 16:31Ezk 16:39Ezk 43:13
Root family
Word studygahvnoun

What gav means

a curved, convex, or raised surface: the rounded outer side of a thing, or a raised structure on the ground.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

At its heart this word points to a surface that curves, bulges, or rises, and that one idea fans out across very different objects.

  • On a body it is the back, the rounded ridge along a person or animal.
  • On a wheel it is the rim, the curved band running around the outside.
  • On a shield it is the boss, the thick rounded face turned toward the enemy.
  • Over the eye it is the eyebrow, the arch of hair above the socket.
  • On the ground it is a raised mound or platform, including the one Ezekiel condemns as a stage for false worship.

Because the senses are so scattered, scholars are divided over whether this is truly one word stretched across many things or several unrelated words that happen to be spelled the same. Either way a reader meets the same short spelling and has to let the surrounding verse decide which object is meant. For the raised worship mound the word sits close to the more familiar term for a pagan high place (בָּמָה), and for the human back it overlaps with another common word for the back and body (גֵּו).

Two places are especially slippery. In Ezekiel 16 the raised structure has been rendered everything from "eminent place" to "vaulted chamber," and in the altar plan of Ezekiel 43 the word names some part of the altar, whether its ledge, back, or base, that no one can pin down with confidence.

Nuances

1athe back: the rounded outer ridge of a person or a creature.
TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled
Psa 129:3Ezk 10:12
1bthe rim of a wheel: the curved outer band that runs around it.
TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled
1Ki 7:33Ezk 1:18 (2×)
1cthe boss of a shield: its thick, rounded outer face.
TranslatabilityApproximate
Job 15:26
1da rampart or defense: a raised protective work.
TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyContested
Job 13:12 (2×)
1ea raised mound or platform built for pagan worship.
CertaintyContested
Ezk 16:24Ezk 16:31Ezk 16:39
1fthe eyebrow: the arch of hair above the eye.
TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled
Lev 14:9
1gthe raised ledge, back, or base of an altar.
CertaintyObscure
Ezk 43:13

What scholars say about gav

The standard lexicons (BDB, HALOT, DCH) gather under this headword a cluster of senses unified by the notion of something convex, arched, or raised: the back (Ps 129:3; Ezek 10:12), the rim or felly of a wheel (1 Kgs 7:33; Ezek 1:18), the boss of a shield (Job 15:26), the eyebrow (Lev 14:9), and a raised mound or platform (Ezek 16:24, 31, 39). BDB presents these as one polysemous entry, while HALOT distributes them across more than one homonym, reflecting genuine uncertainty over whether a single ancient word underlies them all. Two occurrences are lexically difficult: the plural in Job 13:12, read either as "defenses" or "bulwarks" of clay or as "bodies" or "backs" of clay; and the singular in Ezek 43:13, where the word names an undetermined part of the altar (ledge, back, or base). For the Ezekiel 16 structure, commentators (Zimmerli; Greenberg) debate whether the term denotes a raised cultic mound or an arched, vaulted booth, both understood as installations for illicit worship set up beside the raised height named alongside it.

Where scholars disagree about gav

Whether this is one word whose senses all share the idea of a curved or raised surface, or several unrelated words (homonyms) that happen to be spelled alike.

  • majorityOne word with a shared core idea, a curved, convex, or raised surface, ranging from a back to a wheel's rim to a mound.; BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. גַּב
  • minoritySeveral distinct words written alike, so that (for example) the mound in Ezekiel 16 is treated as a separate word from the back.; HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. גַּב

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. גַּבlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. גַּבlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. גַּבlexicon
  • Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1, Hermeneia (1979)commentary
  • Moshe Greenberg, Ezekiel 1-20, Anchor Bible (1983)commentary

All attested forms of גַּב

m p construct

גַּבֵּי

Job 13:12, Job 15:26

m p construct

גַבֵּהֶם, גַבֵּיהֶם

Ezk 10:12, 1Ki 7:33

m s construct

גַּבֵּךְ

Ezk 16:31, Ezk 16:39

f p construct

גַּבֹּת

Lev 14:9

f p construct

גַבֹּתָם

Ezk 1:18

m p construct

גַּבֵּיכֶם

Job 13:12

m p construct

גַבֵּיהֶן

Ezk 1:18

m s absolute

גֶּב

Ezk 16:24

m s construct

גַּב

Ezk 43:13

m s construct

גַּבִּי

Psa 129:3