StrongerBible

etnan

אֶתְנַן

HebrewH0869Proper NounEthnan

Appears 1 time · tap a cell to see the verses

1Ch 4:7
Root family
Word studyet-NAHNproper noun

What etnan means

Ethnan: a man in the tribe of Judah, the third of the sons of Helah named in the Chronicles family lists.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

Ethnan turns up exactly once in the Bible, inside a short family list. Ashhur, the father of Tekoa, had two wives, Helah and Naarah, and Ethnan is the last of the three sons credited to Helah. Nothing else is said about him: no story, no descendants, no later mention anywhere in Scripture.

The name is startling in Hebrew, because it is written and said exactly like the ordinary word for the payment given to a prostitute (אֶתְנַן). The lexicons keep the two apart, and nothing in the verse links the man to that sense. Hebrew names built on the verb "to give" are common, and this one is usually understood along those lines, as something close to "gift". None of that reaches an English reader, who simply meets the name "Ethnan" and moves on.

These chapters of Chronicles are not simply a record of individuals. The lists running through them also carry the names of towns, clans, and households in the hill country of Judah, so a name that appears here once may stand for a family group or a settlement rather than for a single man.

1Ch 4:7

What scholars say about etnan

HALOT and BDB both list the personal name as an entry separate from the noun אֶתְנַן, "the hire of a prostitute" (H0868), while noting that the two are identical in form. The name is generally connected with the root ntn, "to give," one of the most productive elements in Israelite name-giving (Noth), yielding a sense along the lines of "gift"; the derivation remains an inference from the shape of the word rather than a datum, since the name is attested only here. Commentators on the Judahite genealogies of 1 Chronicles 2 to 4 (Japhet; Knoppers) emphasize that this material is a collection of short, loosely joined lists in which personal, clan, and geographical names are interwoven, so a hapax name in 1 Chronicles 4:7 may well designate a lineage or locality rather than an individual. The immediate segment, 1 Chronicles 4:5 to 8, is widely treated as supplementary matter attached to the Ashhur and Tekoa tradition.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. אֶתְנַן IIlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. אֶתְנָןlexicon
  • Martin Noth, Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung (BWANT 46; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1928)monograph
  • Sara Japhet, I & II Chronicles: A Commentary (OTL; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1993), on 1 Chronicles 4:1-23commentary
  • Gary N. Knoppers, 1 Chronicles 1-9 (Anchor Yale Bible 12; New York: Doubleday, 2004), on 1 Chronicles 4:1-23commentary

All attested forms of אֶתְנַן

m

אֶתְנָן

1Ch 4:7