StrongerBible

chōreō

χωρέω

GreekG5562hold, contain, ...

Appears 10 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 15:17Mat 19:11Mat 19:12 (2×)Mrk 2:2Jhn 2:6Jhn 8:37Jhn 21:252Co 7:22Pe 3:9
Names & words formed with this
Word studyResearch-gradekho-REH-ohverb

What chōreō means

1

to go, pass, or make one's way toward a place or a state

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the word's oldest and most physical use: something moves along a path. A lump of food travels down through the body; a person makes his way toward a destination. The idea is directed movement, not just being somewhere.

The same picture stretches to movement toward a state rather than a place. To "come to repentance" is imagined as a road the person travels, arriving somewhere he had not been before. Even when the goal is inward, a faint sense of a journey stays under the surface. The ordinary Greek verb for plain traveling was πορεύω; this word keeps the extra flavor of steadily making one's way through or into something.

Nuances

1ato pass into or through (physical passage)
Mat 15:17
1bto come to, reach, or proceed toward (a state)
2Pe 3:9
2

to hold or contain; to have room for

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

Here the word measures capacity: how much a container can hold, or whether a space has any room left. Stone jars hold a fixed number of gallons; a packed house has no more standing room, not even at the door; the whole world, stretched as far as imagination allows, still could not hold all the books that might be written.

This is the plainest use of the word, and the one the Greek Old Testament reached for most often, describing jars, the great temple basins, and even a stretch of land too small to hold two households and all their flocks.

Nuances

2a(of a container) to hold a certain amount; to have the capacity for
Jhn 2:6Jhn 21:25
2b(of a place) to have room left; to have space for more
Mrk 2:2
3

to make room within oneself; to take in, receive, or accept a person or a demanding truth

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This is the word at its most figurative, yet the picture of space never disappears: a person clears room inside to let something in. Paul asks the Corinthians to "make room for us" in their affections, the opposite of the cramped, closed heart he had just described. Jesus says not everyone can take in his hard teaching about singleness; only the person whose inner life is large enough to house it can live it out.

Because the image is about capacity, not mere agreement, no single English word quite fits. "Receive," "accept," "grasp," and "make room for" each catch part of it. The point is never bare understanding, for which Greek had other words; it is having enough room inside to take something in and carry it.

A close relative is δέχομαι, the ordinary verb for welcoming what is offered. This word adds the extra picture of clearing space to hold what is welcomed.

Nuances

3ato accept and have the inner room to live out (a demanding teaching)
Mat 19:11Mat 19:12 (2×)
3bto make room for someone in one's heart; to open up and welcome
2Co 7:2
3c(of a word or message) to find a place, to take hold within someone
CertaintyContested
Jhn 8:37
Jhn 8:37

Whether Jesus' statement that his word "has no room" in his hearers means the word finds no place to take hold in them, or that it makes no headway and gains no ground among them.

  • majorityThe word finds no room or place in them; their hostility shows it has gained no dwelling in their lives.; R. E. Brown, The Gospel According to John I-XII (Anchor Bible 29, 1966), on 8:37; D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Pillar, 1991), 351-52
  • minorityThe word makes no headway and does not advance in them, taking the verb in its intransitive sense of progressing or succeeding.; B. F. Westcott, The Gospel According to St. John, on 8:37; LSJ, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. (1940), s.v. χωρέω, sense II.3

What scholars say about chōreō

The lexicons converge on three senses growing from a single spatial root (χῶρος, "place, space"): motion ("go, advance, pass"), transitive capacity ("hold, contain"), and metaphorical receptivity ("make room for, accept"). BDAG groups the occurrences under motion, inward progress or acceptance, and transitive containment; LSJ traces the classical development from Homeric "give way, withdraw" through "advance, make progress" to transitive "have room for." Louw and Nida scatter the ten New Testament occurrences across five semantic domains, and EDNT notes that the figurative uses predominate, with only Mark 2:2, John 2:6, and John 21:25 strictly literal. In the Septuagint the verb is almost exclusively transitive-containment, rendering Hebrew נשׂא, כול, חזק, and יכל, whereas the New Testament authors extend it decisively into moral and interior domains. The sharpest crux is John 8:37, where a modest majority (Brown, Bultmann, Carson, Ridderbos, Morris, Michaels, Moloney, Lincoln, Schnackenburg, Haenchen) read "finds no room" while a significant tradition (Westcott, Meyer, Moffatt, and the NET and REB translators) read "makes no headway." At 2 Peter 3:9 and Matthew 19:11-12 the verb itself is not seriously disputed; the debate there concerns other words in the verse.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDAG, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd ed. (2000), 1094, s.v. χωρέωlexicon
  • LSJ, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. (1940), s.v. χωρέωlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, 2nd ed. (1989), domains 15, 31, 34, 59lexicon
  • W. Michaelis, 'χώρα, χωρέω κτλ.,' in TDNT vol. 7 (1971), 450 ff.dictionary
  • H. Balz and G. Schneider, eds., EDNT vol. 3 (1993), s.v. χωρέωdictionary
  • R. E. Brown, The Gospel According to John (Anchor Bible 29, 29A, 1966-70), on 8:37 and 21:25commentary
  • D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Pillar, 1991), 351-52commentary
  • R. Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter (WBC 50, 1983), 312-14commentary
  • M. J. Harris, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (NIGTC, 2005), 487-92commentary
  • W. D. Davies and D. C. Allison, Matthew (ICC), vol. 3 (1997), on 19:11-12commentary

All attested forms of χωρέω

aorist active infinitive

χωρῆσαι

Jhn 21:25, 2Pe 3:9

present active indicative 3s

χωρεῖ

Mat 15:17, Jhn 8:37

present active infinitive

χωρεῖν

Mat 19:12, Mrk 2:2

aorist active imperative 2p

Χωρήσατε

2Co 7:2

present active imperative 3s

χωρείτω

Mat 19:12

present active indicative 3p

χωροῦσιν

Mat 19:11

present active participle nominative f p

χωροῦσαι

Jhn 2:6