StrongerBible

hupantaō

ὑπαντάω

GreekG5221meet, go to meet, ...

Appears 10 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 8:28Mat 28:9Mrk 5:2Luk 8:27Luk 14:31Jhn 4:51Jhn 11:20Jhn 11:30Jhn 12:18Act 16:16
Compound of
Root family
Word studyhoo-pahn-TAH-ohverb

What hupantaō means

to go out toward someone who is coming and come face to face with them

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Every use of this verb involves movement. One party is on the way, and another closes the gap: they leave where they are, head toward the traveler, and the two come face to face. English Bibles almost always render it simply "met," which is accurate but flattens the going out that the Greek word carries inside it.

The New Testament uses it in three settings:

  • a welcome, when people go out to receive someone whose arrival they have heard about
  • an interception, when someone comes at a traveler who has only just arrived
  • a battle, when a king marches his army out against an advancing enemy

The feeling of any given verse comes from the story, not from the verb. It carries Martha hurrying out of the house to Jesus and the festival crowd streaming out of Jerusalem to greet him, and it carries just as easily the two men who come at Jesus from the tombs so violently that no one could use that road. Nine of its ten appearances are in narrative, and in the healing accounts it regularly introduces the figure who comes at a newly arrived traveler.

Koine Greek had two other verbs for meeting that mean essentially the same thing, ἀπαντάω and συναντάω, and writers moved freely among the three. Copyists swapped them too, so the choice of one over another rarely signals anything. The matching noun for the meeting itself (ὑπάντησις) belongs to the same family.

Nuances

1ato go out to meet someone whose arrival is known, in order to greet them or bring them word
TranslatabilityDirect
Jhn 4:51Jhn 11:20Jhn 11:30Jhn 12:18
1bto come upon someone who is already traveling, so that the encounter reaches them rather than being sought by them
Mat 8:28Mat 28:9Mrk 5:2Luk 8:27Act 16:16
1cto march out to meet an advancing army, to engage an opponent in war
TranslatabilityPartial
Luk 14:31

What scholars say about hupantaō

BDAG (3rd ed., 2000) divides the verb in two: sense 1, "to come opposite to, meet," covering the nine narrative occurrences, and sense 2, "to meet in battle, oppose," registered for Luke 14:31 alone. LSJ likewise records the hostile military use ("meet in battle, encounter") alongside the plain "come to meet," the former well attested in classical prose. The verb is built on ἄντα ("face to face"); the ὑπό- prefix has lost directional force in Koine, leaving ὑπαντάω, ἀπαντάω, and συναντάω functionally synonymous, which is why the manuscript tradition interchanges them and why editorial choices differ across Gospel parallels. Louw-Nida (15.78) classes the group together under movement toward, friendly or hostile as context decides. All ten NT occurrences are aorist, and all govern the dative of the person met, the regular construction for verbs compounded with a preposition (BDF §202). Distributionally the verb clusters in John (four of ten) and in the Synoptic exorcism narratives, where it consistently introduces the figure who comes at a newly arrived traveler. On the nouns of the same family, Erik Peterson's TDNT treatment (1:380-81) of ἀπάντησις, ὑπάντησις, and συνάντησις set the terms of a long argument about the Hellenistic reception ceremony; that discussion bears on the nouns in 1 Thessalonians 4:17 and Matthew 25:1, not on this verb, whose sense is not in question.

Sources

  • BDAG, 3rd ed. (2000), s.v. ὑπαντάωlexicon
  • LSJ, 9th ed. with Revised Supplement (1996), s.v. ὑπαντάωlexicon
  • Louw-Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, 15.78lexicon
  • E. Peterson, TDNT 1:380-81, s.v. ἀπάντησιςtheological-dictionary
  • Blass, Debrunner, and Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, §202grammar

All attested forms of ὑπαντάω

aorist active indicative 3s

ὑπήντησεν

Mat 28:9, Mrk 5:2, Luk 8:27, Jhn 11:20, Jhn 11:30, Jhn 12:18

aorist active indicative 3p

ὑπήντησαν

Mat 8:28, Jhn 4:51

aorist active infinitive

ὑπαντῆσαι

Luk 14:31, Act 16:16