suntribō

• Names the act of breaking as it happens, with someone doing it to something: a jar smashed open, iron chains wrenched apart, a bone snapped. The focus is on the moment of impact, not on what is left afterward.Mrk 14:3Mrk 5:4Jhn 19:36
• Describes what violence does to a living person, whether the body or the inner life: a reed already bent and crushed, a boy mauled by a spirit, a heart broken by grief.Mat 12:20Luk 9:39Luk 4:18
• Can point ahead to a decisive act God will carry out, promising that an enemy or a rebel nation will be shattered the way a clay pot is shattered.Rom 16:20Rev 2:27

• Both carry the same underlying picture of something smashed to pieces, damage bad enough that what is broken cannot simply be set right again.Mrk 14:3Rom 3:16
• Both are used of harm that lands on people and not only on objects, whether it is a person whose heart is broken or the ruin people leave in one another's lives.Luk 4:18Rom 3:16

• Names the wreckage that is left rather than the act that caused it. Nobody is said to do it and nothing is said to receive it; the word simply labels a condition of ruin, standing beside the word for "misery" as its companion.Rom 3:16
• Sums up a whole way of living rather than one incident, describing the trail of damage people leave along the roads they travel.Rom 3:16

• It is used of people and not only of objects, covering both the inward and the bodily damage a person can take: hearts broken by grief, and a boy's body wrenched and battered by the spirit that seizes him.Luk 4:18Luk 9:39
• It describes strong things made to hold being overpowered and torn apart: the chains and shackles that could not keep the man among the tombs, and Satan himself put down under the feet of the church.Mrk 5:4Rom 16:20
• It also covers brittle things smashed into pieces rather than snapped in two: the alabaster jar broken open so the perfume could be poured out, and clay pots shattered to fragments.Mrk 14:3Rev 2:27
• It is the word Scripture's own promise uses. When John says the soldiers' work fulfilled the rule that not one of his bones would be broken, the quoted promise carries this word rather than the plain narrative word for what the soldiers did.Jhn 19:36

• Both name a fragile thing coming apart under force applied from outside it. In the picture of the reed, one word describes the stalk already crushed and the other the snapping that would finish it off, and either one ruins the reed.Mat 12:20
• They sit side by side in the same sentence and overlap so closely that English reaches for the single word "break" for both, which hides the difference between being pressed out of shape and being snapped clean through.Mat 12:20

• This word stays inside one narrow picture: something long and stiff being snapped through so that it is left in two. It never widens out into crushing something to bits, smashing a container open, or wearing a person down.Jhn 19:31Jhn 19:32Jhn 19:33
• It names an official act carried out on purpose and on a deadline. The leaders ask Pilate to have the legs of the crucified men broken so the bodies can be taken down before the Sabbath begins, and the soldiers are sent to do exactly that.Jhn 19:31
• Because it is a decision someone makes, it can be withheld. The soldiers break the legs of the first man and then the other, and when they reach Jesus and see he is already dead they leave him alone.Jhn 19:32Jhn 19:33

• Used of solid things smashed apart: iron chains and leg irons snapped by the man among the tombs, a sealed perfume flask broken open, clay pots shattered like a potter's ware.Mrk 5:4Mrk 14:3Rev 2:27
• Used of physical harm to a body: the promise that not one bone of Jesus would be broken, and the spirit that mauls the boy as it convulses him.Jhn 19:36Luk 9:39
• Used of an enemy being put down for good, where the breaking is a victory: God crushing Satan under the feet of his people, and the ruler shattering the nations like pottery.Rom 16:20Rev 2:27
• Can describe something already damaged but not finished off, as in the cracked reed the servant refuses to snap.Mat 12:20

• Both can describe people worn down by hardship rather than objects: in the one verse where they stand together, Jesus is sent to heal those who are "broken" in heart and to release those who have been "crushed".Luk 4:18
• Both name a group by damage already done to them, so what is promised is repair and release for people whose condition is settled, not a warning about damage still to come.Luk 4:18

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• Names grinding something to pieces under a stronger power, as clay pots are smashed and as Satan is crushed underfoot.Rev 2:27Rom 16:20
• Describes the battered condition something is already in, so it can picture a bruised reed or a person whose heart has been crushed.Mat 12:20Luk 4:18
• Fits hard, solid objects giving way: iron shackles snapped apart, a stone flask broken open, a bone that is not to be shattered.Mrk 5:4Mrk 14:3Jhn 19:36

• The Gospel writers use them interchangeably for the same event, the spirit hurling the boy about: Mark says it tore him, Luke says it shattered him.Mrk 9:18Luk 9:42Luk 9:39
• Both name sudden ruin worked by a force the object cannot hold, whether skins that split or iron restraints that give way.Luk 5:37Mrk 5:4

• Used for something splitting open from pressure building inside it, which is why new wine bursts old wineskins rather than merely damaging them.Mat 9:17Mrk 2:22Luk 5:37
• Can describe animals turning on a person and ripping the body apart, an attack that tears rather than crushes.Mat 7:6
• Stretches to a happy outburst: the childless woman is told to break out into a shout, so the sudden release can be joy rather than damage.Gal 4:27

• What is broken is left ruined or useless: iron restraints snapped apart, clay pots smashed to bits.Mrk 5:4Rev 2:27
• It covers violence done to a body, whether bones that could have been broken or a person thrown down and battered.Jhn 19:36Luk 9:39
• It works as a picture of people and powers being crushed: someone already bent and close to collapse, a heart broken by grief, an enemy trampled underfoot.Mat 12:20Luk 4:18Rom 16:20

• Both name a real physical act: someone puts force on a solid object until it comes apart into pieces.Mat 26:26Mrk 14:3
• English Bibles render both with the same plain verb "broke", so the difference between handing out pieces of a loaf and smashing something apart has to come from the scene rather than from the English word.Mrk 8:6Jhn 19:36

• What gets broken is always bread: a loaf pulled apart by hand so it can be eaten.Mat 14:19Mrk 8:6Act 27:35
• The breaking is how food is shared out, turning one loaf into a portion for every person present.Mat 15:36Mrk 8:19Luk 24:30
• It became the ordinary name for the shared meal of the first Christians, so the word can point to a gathering rather than to any damage done.Act 2:46Act 20:71Co 10:16
• It carries the memory of Jesus giving himself away, because the loaf he pulled apart stood for his own body.Mat 26:26Luk 22:191Co 11:24