StrongerBible

peteinos

πετεινός

GreekG4071birds, fowls

Appears 14 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 6:26Mat 8:20Mat 13:4Mat 13:32Mrk 4:4Mrk 4:32Luk 8:5Luk 9:58Luk 12:24Luk 13:19Act 10:12Act 11:6Rom 1:23Jas 3:7
Root family
Word studypeh-tay-NONnoun

What peteinos means

a bird: any flying creature, treated as one class of animal

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This word comes from the verb "to fly," so at root it names "the flying one," a winged creature. In practice it is simply the ordinary word for birds, and in the Gospels it almost always appears in the set phrase "the birds of the air" (or "of the sky"): the birds that eat the scattered seed in the parable of the sower, the birds that nest in the branches of the grown mustard plant, the birds that have nowhere Jesus can lay his head to compare with, and the birds God feeds without their sowing or reaping.

Because the word groups every winged creature into a single category, it also shows up in the sweeping lists that sort all living things: Peter's vision of the sheet holds four-footed animals, reptiles, and birds; the idolaters of Romans exchange God's glory for images of people, animals, reptiles, and birds; and James says every kind of beast and bird, reptile and sea creature, can be tamed. There it stands beside the land animals, the crawling things, and the creatures of the sea as one of the great divisions of the animal world.

Greek has more specific words when a particular bird is in view, such as a hen or mother bird (ὄρνις), but this is the general term, the equivalent of saying "birds" without naming which kind.

Mat 6:26Mat 8:20Mat 13:4Mat 13:32Mrk 4:4Mrk 4:32Luk 8:5Luk 9:58Luk 12:24Luk 13:19Act 10:12Act 11:6

What scholars say about peteinos

The lexica treat πετεινόν as a straightforward substantive of the adjective πετεινός "able to fly, winged," itself from πέτομαι "to fly," with the settled sense "bird, flying creature" (BDAG; LSJ). In the New Testament it occurs almost entirely in the collective phrase τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, a Septuagintalism rendering Hebrew עוֹף, and functions taxonomically as one of the standard divisions of the animal kingdom (birds / beasts / reptiles / sea creatures) in Acts 10:12, Romans 1:23, and James 3:7 (Louw-Nida domain 4).

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. πετεινόνlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. πετεινόςlexicon
  • Louw & Nida, Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains, domain 4lexicon

All attested forms of πετεινός

nominative n p

πετεινὰ

Mat 8:20, Mat 13:4, Mrk 4:4, Luk 8:5, Luk 9:58, Luk 13:19, Act 10:12

accusative n p

πετεινὰ

Mat 6:26, Mat 13:32, Mrk 4:32, Act 11:6

genitive n p

πετεινῶν

Luk 12:24, Rom 1:23, Jas 3:7